NLP: Speech Strategies. Theory.
You can classify presuppositions in different ways, but it seems to me more convenient to give you the most frequently used speech strategies - these are verbal techniques using both presuppositions and some other approaches. Speech strategies, as special cases of presuppositions, allow you to imperceptibly "direct" a person in the right direction.
1. Truisms.
Truism is (as it were) a perfectly true statement:
- Everyone sleeps at least sometime.
“We can all forget something.
- Moscow is the capital of Russia.
- You can sit on this chair.
Despite their simplicity, the truisms work very well and are very effective. If, for example, you want to help someone change, you can start by saying:
- All people can change.
Usually no one can object to such a construction at all. Because really, people can change. But the Client is also a person, therefore, and he is capable of it.
Truism helps to direct a person in the direction you need, to set the right direction for the movement of his thoughts.
- Businessmen sign contracts.
- People buy washing machines.
- Spouses not only quarrel, but also reconcile.
Another way to use a truism is to build credibility on subsequent statements. That is, to adjust.
- You are constantly changing . The "Individual" rate changes with you.
For this purpose, sayings or proverbs are often used, which we just out of habit perceive as some kind of truth:
- Whoever gets up early, God gives. If you come at night or early in the morning, then you can buy the product cheaper.
When formulating truisms, two approaches are used.
You can talk about what is most likely happening with the person at the moment or what he can check:
- You're sitting on a chair.
“This room has a white ceiling.
- Spring is now.
It's also a good idea to add the verbs "can" or "capable" (modal capability operators):
- You can feel your breath.
You can also speak the most general phrases, these very generally accepted truths, against which there is absolutely nothing to object.
- People are shopping.
“We all make mistakes sometimes.
It's good to use modal capability operators here too.
- People can learn easily.
- People are capable of completely unexpected things.
2. Assumptions.
- As soon as you sit down in a chair, you will feel better.
Here you assume that if one event happens (sit on a chair), then another will happen after it (you will feel better).
Your task is to connect with each other unrelated things: the event that is most likely to happen (or motivation) and what you want to receive.
- Immediately after you walk out the door, you will feel much better.
For the unconscious, these two things become one. And if one event happens, the second happens automatically.
- At the same time, binding to an event that is most likely to occur acts more rigidly - a sequence of actions is included. If in the form of a "carrot for a donkey" you use motivation, then here you simply increase the desire to move in a given direction: "If you want to be healthy, go in for sports."
- But both work, and that, just in different ways.
The most commonly used constructs in assumptions:
once,
after;
immediately like;
if, then;
when;
before;
although.
- While you brush your teeth, you will remember something important.
- If you sit down, then we will begin to do.
- Before you buy this thing, carefully consider it.
If a person considers this stupid thing, it simply automatically follows that he still wants to buy it.
- If you go into the room, close the window.
- Assumptions can be made without connecting words at all, only due to the intonation: "You go into the room, close the window."
- When you wake up in the morning, you will remember that you need to bring a report today.
Here is an action that will surely happen - "wake up in the morning", and what you want to get - " bring a report ."
- After reading the contract, sign in the lower right corner.
This is a completely procedural command: read it - sign it. The fact that by putting your signature you agree with the contract, as it were, is not remembered.
- Before you agree, think again.
"Thinking" in any quantity, more than one, and agreement are interconnected. That is, I thought a second time and agreed.
- When morning comes, you will remember me ...
Poems ... Since morning comes every day, you will have to remember it every day.
- Despite the fact that you have read less than half of this article, you already understand a lot.
Motivation
BUT! You can also link the desired action and motivation:
- Since you want to consolidate the material even better, then by next time you will bring your homework.
Here the motivation "to consolidate the material even better" is already connected and what you want to get: "to bring the completed homework".
Note that both event and motivational linking options work differently. The connection with the event is more unconditional and unconscious, it's like a switch: I went out the door - I remembered my homework. And this method has a big plus - you can bind what a person is not able to do consciously yet: anesthetizing the head and teeth, creating a new behavior:
- As soon as you sit down in a chair, your headache will go away.
The connection with motivation is more conscious, but at the same time it can be (if the correct motivation is selected) and more powerful. In this case, it works not only to make the person "remember", but also to make him do it.
3. Contrasts.
If in the assumptions you connected two events, that is, two static things, then here you are already connecting two processes (maybe even leading in different directions - and therefore oppositions):
- The more doubts, the easier the choice!
And although it seems that doubts should not help much to facilitate the choice, here these things are tied by one rope, and the strengthening of one leads to the strengthening of the other.
In oppositions , conjunctions are used:
what ... so
as much ... as much
- The more distracted you are, the more attentively you listen.
- The more carefully you read the contract, the faster you will make a decision.
- The more the head hurts, the faster the pain goes away.
- How much longer you spend time to study, so better you will know the subject.
Not a fact, but how it works!
- Although it is possible to bind an event to an action, this is less convenient.
- Discounts! The more you spend, the more you save.
- The higher the price, the better the product.
In oppositions, as in assumptions, you can also use motivation:
- The sooner you sign the contract, the earlier we will start deliveries.
- The more you are afraid of getting into the army, the harder you will have to study.
- The more difficult the task, the greater the pleasure of the solution.
- How much longer path to the goal, so much sweeter the victory.
4. Questions.
- Do you realize that you have already begun to understand better what presuppositions are?
Another trap. It is assumed here that you already understand what presuppositions are, just do not realize. Consciousness will seek an answer to the question, and for the unconscious “understanding of presuppositions” becomes the truth. The most commonly used verbs in these questions are "awareness":
realize
understand
you know
notice
noticed
remember
As well as any question words:
why
why
for what
how
when
where
- Why do you love our restaurant?
There is no classic question "loves - does not love", there is a question "for what"?
- Do you already understand that you are doing everything better and better each time?
Personally, I don't know what exactly you are doing there, but regardless of the answer, you do it better, I don't even know in comparison with what.
- I notice whether you upcoming changes?
Everyone has already noticed that something is wrong with you - somehow you have changed, something must have happened to you. The only question is whether you yourself noticed it. There may not be any changes yet, but if a person starts looking for them, he will definitely find them - which means that they will appear.
- Do you know that Vasya has dandruff?
There is no question whether Vasya has dandruff, the only question is whether this "terrible" news has reached you.
- Have you realized the full power of these strategies?
- Why do you devote so much time to training subordinates?
- Why do you devote so much attention to training?
- Where did you learn to express your thoughts so well?
5. Evaluation.
- I love how you look good today.
Here, the method of masking is very simple - the listener's attention is shifted to the assessment of the situation by the speaker (writer), and the situation itself becomes kind of true.
In this strategy, evaluative words are most often used:
important
necessary
strange
Like
curious
annoys
surprises
I doubt
sure
I would like to
“I wish I could make decisions as quickly as you do.
You make decisions quickly. Especially when I need it.
- Everyone is surprised by the quality of this camera.
The quality of this camera is the truth. And she's so amazing to everyone.
"I 'm sure you'll come on time tomorrow."
You will come on time, you will not go anywhere.
- It is strange that you paid attention to this.
“Your stubbornness pisses me off.
How will a person react to a negative assessment?
Most likely stormy. And will completely ignore the built-in command: how to evaluate its behavior. Moreover, it is not necessary for the assessment to be negative - rather, it should be simply unexpected.
“I admire how this firm can ruin everything.
6. Changes over time
- Mr. Prosecutor, do you really think that any question can be answered only with the words "Yes" or "No"?
- Do you keep beating your wife in the morning?
Here, the focus of attention shifts to how the process develops in time (begins, continues, ends). And the presence of the process itself is presupposed.
- You continue to recover.
The most commonly used words are:
begin
continue
end
still
already
yet
still
- Have you started to prepare documents?
There is no question - to prepare documents or not; there is a question - have they started or not yet.
- Continue to read this text carefully.
Presupposition: You are reading this text carefully.
- Do you still want to buy this item?
Presupposition: you want to buy this item.
- You are already ready?
Presupposition: you are ready.
- Until now, we have had time.
Presupposition: we were doing well.
- And yet we are able to offer additional discounts.
Presupposition: we have already suggested something.
7. False elections.
- Do you want to buy a washing machine or refrigerator?
- Do you prefer to go into a trance quickly or slowly?
- Do you want to cut the watermelon or take it like that?
Here you offer the person a choice that is not important ... What is important is what is behind this choice. It doesn't matter to you whether a person wants the watermelon to be carved or not - it is important for you to buy it from you. But language is a great thing - you took and shifted the emphasis, you concentrated the person on the choice: to cut or not. And the question "to buy or not" disappeared by itself.
And what is the presupposition?
Let's think about the presupposition behind this particular phrase:
- Do you go to the store before or after the movie?
Presupposition: go to the store . The wrong choice: before or after the movie? Here you need to create not a choice, but an illusion of choice. You shift the focus of attention from the action to the circumstances of its commission.
- Will you confirm your participation today or tomorrow?
- Where would you like to go on vacation: Spain or Cyprus?
Are false elections just questions?
It is not necessary, although it is most convenient to present them in the form of questions during a conversation. Man thinks , that if he is active, since he answers the question, he makes choices. But this can also be done in the affirmative:
- Now you can buy our product in both large and small packages.
It works less rigidly, but the principle is the same.
8. All elections.
You can go into a trance slowly, you may not go into a trance at all, but I think you will go into it very quickly.
You list all the possible choices. BUT! Here you simply highlight what you want to receive non - verbally - with your voice, intonation, with a movement of your hand. And it remains in the subconscious ...
At the same time, you describe the undesirable result with sadness and doubt, with your whole being showing how you disagree with it, but ... Honesty requires you to report this option as well. And the most desirable result is expressed emphatically and with the most positive non-verbal communication.
- And what is the presupposition here?
And here she is not. In this speech strategy, the desired behavior is highlighted with a positive non-verbal (and an undesirable one - with a negative one). And the unconsciously offered choice will be preferable. For example, you can say:
- You can think about it for a long time, ( with a normal intonation, the head is motionless ).
you can get it out of your head , ( shaking your head "No" and pursing your lips )
but you can quickly make a decision. (nodding his head "Yes" and smiling)
- Can you single it out only with the help of speech?
Can. Especially in the text. But in speech, non-verbal emphasis will work much better.
“You can do everything tomorrow , you can do nothing at all, but I hope you do it today.
In this phrase, the undesirable option is underlined by the construction "nothing at all" - that is, if you do not do this, then it is considered that you are not doing anything at all . And the desired option is reinforced by the word hope. Just like in the very first example about trance, it was reinforced with the word " think . "
- Is there a difference where the desired phrase is located: at the beginning, middle or end?
There is. The beginning and end of the phrase are remembered, and the middle, as it were, "disappears". That is, your preferred option should be at the beginning or at the end:
- You can do your homework tomorrow, you can write it off, but it's better if you do it today.
- Should there always be three choices? Is it possible two or five of them?
Two options are the previous speech strategy "false choices". And more than three ... You can make more than three options, but here it is already a matter of time. If the phrase is very long, your interlocutor will forget not only the middle and the beginning, but in general what this speech refers to. So 3-4 options are quite enough in most cases.
9. Negatives in teams.
We do not persecute those who refused to place advertisements with us, we do not look after them after work, we do not call home at night, we do not send threatening letters, we do not hire crooks to carry out a showdown.
There is nothing of the kind!
Humorous newspaper "Krasnaya Burda"
The unconscious does not know how to work with denials. It simply ignores them. And it can be used.
- Do not rush to start all over again. (command: hurry up to start all over again)
The use of negatives allows you to neatly fit into the context and go through the barriers of consciousness (which just can cope with denials).
The construction of this speech strategy is extremely simple: you define a command, and then put the "not" particle in front of it.
“You are not required to rely entirely on my words.
- You do n't want to buy an expensive thing without looking?
- How will two negations in a sentence work in this variant?
Here the command: "want to buy". And whether they inspect this most expensive thing or buy it right away - most likely it makes no difference.
It is clear that "negation in commands" can be effectively used with other speech strategies:
- Why do you think that you should not pay attention to the little things? ( command: pay attention to the little things ).
- You may or may not buy this vacuum cleaner now. (command: buy a vacuum cleaner now ).
- Do n't listen to me so attentively! (command: you need to listen to me carefully).
In order for the command to work, it must either be in an imperative mood: run, shout, talk, buy. You can also use action verbs in the present tense: want, get, pay attention, apply ...
- That is, all parental shouts, like "don't run" ...
Most often, they lead to a completely opposite result. The consequences of giving a command with the best intentions will not change. The cry: "don't run, you will fall" leads to a completely natural result - the child runs and falls.
Shouts will also most likely lead to a completely opposite result:
- Do not look at me!
- Do not pay attention!
- Don't let yourself relax!
In general, messages about what will not happen often cause an influx of those who are very interested in what will not be.
- You won't find much interesting here.
- We won't talk about sex.
Denials can also be used as hidden threats:
- We are not threatening you.
- We're not going to beat you.
The consciousness of denial swallows and calms down, and the unconscious begins to worry. It's true that these things have been quite easy to track lately (training). But the worry remains.
Pivot table
Strategy
Operating principle
Constructions
Examples of
Truisms.
Adjustment.
Setting the desired focus and assessment method.
- You can sit on this chair.
- A person is able to learn.
Assumptions.
Linking the desired outcome to what is happening or is about to happen. A variant of linking with motivation is possible.
once,
after;
immediately like;
if, then;
when;
before;
- As soon as you sit down in a chair, you will feel better.
-[/B ]Before you leave the house, call me ..
Contrasts.
Associating the desired action with a process that is happening or will necessarily happen.
what ... so
as much ... as much
- The faster you fall asleep, the better you will sleep.
- How much longer you spend time to study, so better you will know the subject.
Questions.
Shifting the focus of attention to awareness.
realize
notice
noticed
why
how
where
- Do you already understand that you are doing everything better and better each time?
- How did you become so successful?
Grade
Shifting the focus of attention to an external assessment of the situation.
Like
curious
annoys
important
I doubt
- It is important that you understand everything.
- I'm curious: how do you manage to do everything.
- Everyone is annoyed by your ability to dress well.
Changes over time
Shifting the focus of attention to the development of the process in time.
begin
continue
end
still
already
yet
still
- Have you started to pay attention to presuppositions?
- Continue to work just as well.
- Have you already learned everything?
- This topic is even more interesting.
False elections
Shifting the focus of attention to the circumstances of the action.
or
like ... so
- Do you want to buy a washing machine or refrigerator?
- You can call me both today and tomorrow morning.
All elections
Appropriate non-verbal emphasis on desirable and undesirable choices.
“You can do everything tomorrow, you can do nothing at all, but I hope you do it today .
Negatives in teams
The "not" particle is ignored by the unconscious.
- Don't come to us tomorrow.
- Don't pay attention to mistakes.
Workout.
In order to correctly draw up a speech strategy, you need to first clearly define what kind of action you want to get from the other person. All of these speech constructs work as teams. And this command should be formulated.
First, you need to be more clear about the context. So, who meets whom and what is the catch.
- Must there be a snag?
If there are no snags, that is, there are no difficulties, then I do not see the need to use all sorts of cunning techniques.
- A young man meets a girl. Outside.
And what is the difficulty?
- I would like to be more confident that she will not refuse.
More confidence in a young man? That is, we are now going to construct phrases to increase the confidence of a young person? I just don't quite understand who should tell him. Young woman? Or I suspect that the target is not well defined.
- Team for the girl: call.
That is, other methods of communication: e-mail, SMS are rejected? Good. Why do you need her to call?
- To continue the relationship.
That is, you need a relationship, not a call. What kind of relationship?
- To like it.
So. Team: you like me. True, for most young people, the very fact of a call is a criterion for what they like. Then options are accepted with calls.
What are the options for strategies?
- The longer we talk, the more you like me.
- How much do you like me?
- I am pleased that you paid attention to me.
- You can call me or email me.
- As soon as you remember - call.
- When you realize how much you like me, call me.
A bit impudent, but in some cases it can work.
- You can call me tomorrow, you can not call at all, but it will be better if you call today.
- Don't call me tomorrow and the day after tomorrow.
Good. You have dealt with the girls.
Let's take another option: a girl meets a young man. The situation and what difficulties we are overcoming.
- For example, we met at a party. And she wants him to take the initiative.
Good. Options.
“You can call me tonight or tomorrow afternoon.
- It is customary for a man to call first.
Here's a truism.
- In case you forget my phone, I give you my business card.
Yeah. And he forgets everything. You give him the command to "forget your phone". I would suggest as an option:
- To make you remember my phone even better, I will give you my business card.
At least here it is assumed that your interlocutor has already memorized the phone.
- And if you don't remember?
In the reality that you created for him - the interlocutor remembers the phone. And he will try to match.
- If you don't want to forget my phone, write it down on a piece of paper.
Not bad already. Only the particle "not" with the verb is omitted. That is, you assumed that He "wants to forget" - sometimes this technique is useful if you want to cause blackouts. But it is not suitable for memorization.
- If you want to remember my phone number, write it down on a piece of paper.
- Do you remember my phone well enough?
Better. But something you got carried away with memorization. The fact that a person will remember your phone does not mean that he will call you. And in this context, calling is more important than remembering. He does not need to memorize the phone - it is enough for him to have it. For this there are business cards, paper, pens, lipstick ...
- And what does lipstick have to do with it?
She is very good at writing on a piece of paper or on the hand of a gentleman - and the anchor is good, and stands out, and there is a reason to say:
- During our telephone conversation ...
True, this technique works well in the field of intimate relationships. When applying for a job, this will not be the best option ...
- But here there is no command to call?
You don't have to give a direct command - you can be more flexible. These are indirect presuppositions: in order to talk on the phone, you first need to call. This is already present in the experience. So, more options.
- The more attentively you look at the number, the better you will remember it.
As I understand it, this is a tracing paper from the phrase "the more carefully you read the contract ..." And a team to improve memory. That is, the main problem with men is that they forget ... The phone numbers, whose numbers are, and in general where they were yesterday ... Then the optimal phrase: "The more attentively you look at the number, the better you remember my face? "- Maybe it's better to write down numbers, and give commands for action?
- You can call me tomorrow or the day after tomorrow.
- Call me, tell me how it ended?
- During our next telephone conversation, I will tell you the continuation of this story.
Wonderful.
- Before you leave work tomorrow, call me.
- I'll write down my phone number for you, and you call me tomorrow afternoon.
Okay, pretty neat.
- I'm curious, will you call me in the morning or in the evening?
Two speech strategies at once in one phrase.
- You will go to dinner tomorrow - call.
“Don't call me as soon as you come back.
- When you call, remind me to give you the phone number of that company.