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"Hackers" are computer users who search for ways to gain unauthorized access to computer equipment (CBT) and legally protected computer information.
PESTS
Every now and then, news of the hackers ' detention comes from different parts of the world. However, the detainees are not always really hackers. Among computer hackers, there are specializations-hackers, carders, phishers, and others. Hackers among them are the most disinterested, but also the most harmful. Their main task is simply to harm computer users.
The computer has not only firmly entered into all aspects of human life, but also formed its own special people, which can be called computer scientists. This nation has its own structure and hierarchy. Those who are related to the machine and have mastered working on it perfectly are called "hackers". Those who are still trying to get closer to her are called "dummies". And dummies posing as hackers are called "lamers".
However, it is unlikely to be correct to divide the computer people exclusively into these three categories. For example, it makes sense to divide computer science professionals into hackers and programmers, or, as they are also called, "programmers". The difference between them is not in their qualifications, but in the tasks they set for themselves. If hackers are essentially disruptors, programmers are creators.
Surprisingly, for some reason, hackers are the most popular people in society. They make up legends and make films about them. And hardworking programmers are mostly interested in employers. It is no coincidence that hacker Vladimir Levin is much better known in Russia than computer game developer Alexey Pazhitov. At one time, Levin developed the well-known accounting program "Turbo-balance". But that's not what he became famous for. In 1994. Levin, having overcome several milestones of multi-circuit protection of "City Bank of America" with the help of an ordinary computer of the 386th standard modification, made about 40 money transfers totaling over $ 10 million. This scared America even more than the Russian nuclear threat. A two-part film from the Criminal Russia series was made about this story and many articles were written. Pazhitov did not threaten the collapse of the global banking system, which is probably why he did not become so famous. He "just" created the Tetris game………
The main task of a hacker, if he wants to assert himself and show himself — is to crack the protection of some serious computer system, get in there and destroy it. Alas, many representatives of the younger generation of computer scientists strive to become destroyers. The number of young hackers is growing and multiplying. Not so long ago, information appeared in the press that the biggest sabotage on the Internet was committed by a 15-year-old boy with the hacker nickname "Mafia Boy". On February 8, 2000, he shut down over 1,100 websites of the American television company CNN for 4 hours. In the US, this caused a major stir. President Clinton promised to ask Congress for an additional $ 2 billion a year to protect government computer infrastructure, and many firms immediately spent millions of dollars to change the encoding and create a more robust security system. Meanwhile, the "Mafia-boy" himself got off quite easily due to his youth. He was deprived of his personal computer and ordered to access the Internet only under the supervision of a teacher and in the classroom. And, so that he would not have any more unhealthy temptations, he was forbidden to visit stores selling computer equipment.
By the way, this verdict is very similar to the beginning of the Hollywood movie "Hackers". There, a strict American judge, waving a wooden mallet, announced to a young computer saboteur that from now on he should not use any electronic equipment, even a calculator. However, further along the plot of the film, hackers perform almost a feat. United computer hackers from all over the planet arrange a massive bombardment of the villain's server with viruses developed by them, who intended to send several ships to the bottom of the ocean.
However, this is only a movie. In real life, hackers are not so noble. If in reality they were able to unite and achieve coherence of actions, then they would rather organize an Apocalypse on earth than do something good. If one Filipino guy, Onel Guzman, managed to put the world on its toes by launching the "I love you" virus he created on the Internet, it's hard to imagine what troubles several thousand of such guys would have managed to do. Fortunately, so far hackers are not concerned with joining forces. It is much more important for each of them to express themselves personally.
THE MOST FAMOUS AND FIRST CONVICTED PERSON
The most famous hacker in the world was the American Kevin Mitnick. He was considered the best hacker program writer, which allowed him to break into the most secure computer systems. Interestingly, Mitnick is considered the first hacker to break into the Internet. This momentous event took place in 1983, when the Internet was in its infancy and was called the ARPANET. It is clear that his protection was also only in the bud, which allowed 17-year-old Kevin to gain access to the main computer of the Pentagon. Mitnick successfully evaded the police for several years, until FBI agents handcuffed his wrists in 1995. 33-year-old Kevin Mitnick was charged with numerous hacking of computer systems of software manufacturers and Internet Service providers.
The five years Mitnick spent in federal prison without the right to use a computer was a real torment for hacker # 1. But then he got a lot of free time there and wrote the book "The Art of Deception", which tells about security systems in computer networks. And after his release, he retrained from a computer hacker to a specialist in protecting computer networks.
And the first hacker to be prosecutedwas24‑year-old Cornell University student, Robert Morris. On July 26, 1989, he was charged with creating and running a computer virus. Given that the material damage caused by the "Morris virus" amounted to about $ 1 billion, the computer scientist got off quite easily: the court sentenced him to three years in prison on probation, 400 hours of correctional labor and a fine of 10 thousand dollars.
The first hacker to be punished by a Russian court, the press calls 18-year-old student Pavel Sheiko. In 1997, using fictitious credit cards via the Internet, he purchased computer equipment worth $ 11.7 thousand in the United States. This fun cost him 5 years in prison. True, conditionally.
The second was Aleksey Galaiko, the head of a group of Arkhangelsk hackers who created the Anti-FSB malware. Such a pretentious name ruined them. FSB officers quickly identified and detained all the members of the group. Galayko was sentenced to 3 years in prison, but was released from serving his sentence under an amnesty. The trial didn't teach Alexey much. He even said that he was proud of the program he created, as well as the fact that he was the second hacker officially convicted in Russia.
WORTHY OF SYMPATHY
Not all hackers definitely harm users. Some of them are kind of Robin Hoods. And they evoke sympathy even among strict judges who also use computers.
Norwegian John Johansen created a DeCSS program that can "open" the DVD security system. For this, John was nicknamed DVD-Jon. Johansen got no benefit from this. His work looked even noble in some ways – he gave people the opportunity to watch movies without restrictions. But for the DVD companies involved, John's program turned out to be a serious loss.
The trial of John Johansen took place on December 9, 2002. The hacker faced several years in prison, as well as large fines. Despite the fact that the evidence of John's guilt was clear, the Norwegian justice system was loyal, and on January 7, 2003, Johansen was acquitted of all charges.
Perhaps the most original hacker in the world was Yekaterinburg resident Oleg Cherushenko, who unleashed a real cyber war against Belgium. Cherushenko took offense to this European country after the Belgian authorities made him "banned from traveling". Being on a tourist trip to Belgium, Oleg forgot to pay for some computer accessories in the store, for this he got into a certain "black list" and now he is not given a visa to Europe.
As you know, revenge is a dish that should be served cold. And in his revenge, Cherushenko showed cold calculation and scale. It attacked more than one hundred thousand Belgian and French computers with malicious Trojans. Moreover, he attacked insidiously. Oleg "hacked" the free software server, and entered infected installation files that were downloaded by users themselves. And thanks to the advertising campaign Cherushenko downloaded quite often.
The virus launched by the Yekaterinburg hacker contained a pre-programmed program to search for documents containing keywords such as euro,$, credit card numbers and others, even the word sex. A Trojan that settled on someone else's computer generated a unique code, then found interesting files and sent the loot for viewing in a convenient form.
Cherushenko acted very carefully, sending viruses exclusively from Internet cafes in Yekaterinburg and Moscow. The only time he made a mistake was when he got drunk and sat down at his home computer and decided to annoy Belgium a little more. But that was enough to get him figured out. The court was loyal to the international aggressor and sentenced him to three years of probation.
THE WORLD IS CHANGING
However, the world is getting tougher. And there are fewer and fewer Robin Hoods among hackers. And accordingly, the sentences for hackers are getting tougher. For example, on October 3, 2006, three Russian hackers were convicted: Ivan Maksakov, a resident of the city of Balakov in the Saratov region, Alexander Petrov from Astrakhan, and Denis Stepanov from St. Petersburg. Using a spy program created by 20-year-old student Maksakov, hackers collected information about English electronic casinos and bookmakers, and then demanded a ransom from their owners, threatening to interfere with the operation of Internet servers. The guys weren't joking. For example, the company "Canbet Sports Bookmakers Ltd" (Canbet Sports Bookmakers Ltd), which refused to pay a ransom of 10 thousand dollars, they blocked the web server during the days of racing for the Breeders ' Cup. At the same time, the company lost more than 200 thousand dollars for each day. After that, the bookmakers became more compliant. They say that Maksakov, Petrov and Stepanov "cut" about $ 4 million from them. But thanks to the joint efforts of the national Directorate for combating High-tech crimes in the UK (NHTCU), Interpol, the FBI, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Prosecutor General's Office of the Russian Federation, the hackers were identified and detained. According to the court verdict, each of them received 8 years of captivity and a fine of 100 thousand rubles.
Spanish computer wreckers also received harsh sentences, after in 2010 the police in the Pyrenees conducted the largest-scale operation in world history to expose hackers. As a result, it was possible to identify and detain the creators of the virus "Mariposa" (Spanish for "butterfly"). This virus has infected 13 million computers worldwide in just a few months. And many users will probably be happy to vote for the most painful death penalty for distributors of computer infection.
(c) Oleg Loginov
PESTS
Every now and then, news of the hackers ' detention comes from different parts of the world. However, the detainees are not always really hackers. Among computer hackers, there are specializations-hackers, carders, phishers, and others. Hackers among them are the most disinterested, but also the most harmful. Their main task is simply to harm computer users.
The computer has not only firmly entered into all aspects of human life, but also formed its own special people, which can be called computer scientists. This nation has its own structure and hierarchy. Those who are related to the machine and have mastered working on it perfectly are called "hackers". Those who are still trying to get closer to her are called "dummies". And dummies posing as hackers are called "lamers".
However, it is unlikely to be correct to divide the computer people exclusively into these three categories. For example, it makes sense to divide computer science professionals into hackers and programmers, or, as they are also called, "programmers". The difference between them is not in their qualifications, but in the tasks they set for themselves. If hackers are essentially disruptors, programmers are creators.
Surprisingly, for some reason, hackers are the most popular people in society. They make up legends and make films about them. And hardworking programmers are mostly interested in employers. It is no coincidence that hacker Vladimir Levin is much better known in Russia than computer game developer Alexey Pazhitov. At one time, Levin developed the well-known accounting program "Turbo-balance". But that's not what he became famous for. In 1994. Levin, having overcome several milestones of multi-circuit protection of "City Bank of America" with the help of an ordinary computer of the 386th standard modification, made about 40 money transfers totaling over $ 10 million. This scared America even more than the Russian nuclear threat. A two-part film from the Criminal Russia series was made about this story and many articles were written. Pazhitov did not threaten the collapse of the global banking system, which is probably why he did not become so famous. He "just" created the Tetris game………
The main task of a hacker, if he wants to assert himself and show himself — is to crack the protection of some serious computer system, get in there and destroy it. Alas, many representatives of the younger generation of computer scientists strive to become destroyers. The number of young hackers is growing and multiplying. Not so long ago, information appeared in the press that the biggest sabotage on the Internet was committed by a 15-year-old boy with the hacker nickname "Mafia Boy". On February 8, 2000, he shut down over 1,100 websites of the American television company CNN for 4 hours. In the US, this caused a major stir. President Clinton promised to ask Congress for an additional $ 2 billion a year to protect government computer infrastructure, and many firms immediately spent millions of dollars to change the encoding and create a more robust security system. Meanwhile, the "Mafia-boy" himself got off quite easily due to his youth. He was deprived of his personal computer and ordered to access the Internet only under the supervision of a teacher and in the classroom. And, so that he would not have any more unhealthy temptations, he was forbidden to visit stores selling computer equipment.
By the way, this verdict is very similar to the beginning of the Hollywood movie "Hackers". There, a strict American judge, waving a wooden mallet, announced to a young computer saboteur that from now on he should not use any electronic equipment, even a calculator. However, further along the plot of the film, hackers perform almost a feat. United computer hackers from all over the planet arrange a massive bombardment of the villain's server with viruses developed by them, who intended to send several ships to the bottom of the ocean.
However, this is only a movie. In real life, hackers are not so noble. If in reality they were able to unite and achieve coherence of actions, then they would rather organize an Apocalypse on earth than do something good. If one Filipino guy, Onel Guzman, managed to put the world on its toes by launching the "I love you" virus he created on the Internet, it's hard to imagine what troubles several thousand of such guys would have managed to do. Fortunately, so far hackers are not concerned with joining forces. It is much more important for each of them to express themselves personally.
THE MOST FAMOUS AND FIRST CONVICTED PERSON
The most famous hacker in the world was the American Kevin Mitnick. He was considered the best hacker program writer, which allowed him to break into the most secure computer systems. Interestingly, Mitnick is considered the first hacker to break into the Internet. This momentous event took place in 1983, when the Internet was in its infancy and was called the ARPANET. It is clear that his protection was also only in the bud, which allowed 17-year-old Kevin to gain access to the main computer of the Pentagon. Mitnick successfully evaded the police for several years, until FBI agents handcuffed his wrists in 1995. 33-year-old Kevin Mitnick was charged with numerous hacking of computer systems of software manufacturers and Internet Service providers.
The five years Mitnick spent in federal prison without the right to use a computer was a real torment for hacker # 1. But then he got a lot of free time there and wrote the book "The Art of Deception", which tells about security systems in computer networks. And after his release, he retrained from a computer hacker to a specialist in protecting computer networks.
And the first hacker to be prosecutedwas24‑year-old Cornell University student, Robert Morris. On July 26, 1989, he was charged with creating and running a computer virus. Given that the material damage caused by the "Morris virus" amounted to about $ 1 billion, the computer scientist got off quite easily: the court sentenced him to three years in prison on probation, 400 hours of correctional labor and a fine of 10 thousand dollars.
The first hacker to be punished by a Russian court, the press calls 18-year-old student Pavel Sheiko. In 1997, using fictitious credit cards via the Internet, he purchased computer equipment worth $ 11.7 thousand in the United States. This fun cost him 5 years in prison. True, conditionally.
The second was Aleksey Galaiko, the head of a group of Arkhangelsk hackers who created the Anti-FSB malware. Such a pretentious name ruined them. FSB officers quickly identified and detained all the members of the group. Galayko was sentenced to 3 years in prison, but was released from serving his sentence under an amnesty. The trial didn't teach Alexey much. He even said that he was proud of the program he created, as well as the fact that he was the second hacker officially convicted in Russia.
WORTHY OF SYMPATHY
Not all hackers definitely harm users. Some of them are kind of Robin Hoods. And they evoke sympathy even among strict judges who also use computers.
Norwegian John Johansen created a DeCSS program that can "open" the DVD security system. For this, John was nicknamed DVD-Jon. Johansen got no benefit from this. His work looked even noble in some ways – he gave people the opportunity to watch movies without restrictions. But for the DVD companies involved, John's program turned out to be a serious loss.
The trial of John Johansen took place on December 9, 2002. The hacker faced several years in prison, as well as large fines. Despite the fact that the evidence of John's guilt was clear, the Norwegian justice system was loyal, and on January 7, 2003, Johansen was acquitted of all charges.
Perhaps the most original hacker in the world was Yekaterinburg resident Oleg Cherushenko, who unleashed a real cyber war against Belgium. Cherushenko took offense to this European country after the Belgian authorities made him "banned from traveling". Being on a tourist trip to Belgium, Oleg forgot to pay for some computer accessories in the store, for this he got into a certain "black list" and now he is not given a visa to Europe.
As you know, revenge is a dish that should be served cold. And in his revenge, Cherushenko showed cold calculation and scale. It attacked more than one hundred thousand Belgian and French computers with malicious Trojans. Moreover, he attacked insidiously. Oleg "hacked" the free software server, and entered infected installation files that were downloaded by users themselves. And thanks to the advertising campaign Cherushenko downloaded quite often.
The virus launched by the Yekaterinburg hacker contained a pre-programmed program to search for documents containing keywords such as euro,$, credit card numbers and others, even the word sex. A Trojan that settled on someone else's computer generated a unique code, then found interesting files and sent the loot for viewing in a convenient form.
Cherushenko acted very carefully, sending viruses exclusively from Internet cafes in Yekaterinburg and Moscow. The only time he made a mistake was when he got drunk and sat down at his home computer and decided to annoy Belgium a little more. But that was enough to get him figured out. The court was loyal to the international aggressor and sentenced him to three years of probation.
THE WORLD IS CHANGING
However, the world is getting tougher. And there are fewer and fewer Robin Hoods among hackers. And accordingly, the sentences for hackers are getting tougher. For example, on October 3, 2006, three Russian hackers were convicted: Ivan Maksakov, a resident of the city of Balakov in the Saratov region, Alexander Petrov from Astrakhan, and Denis Stepanov from St. Petersburg. Using a spy program created by 20-year-old student Maksakov, hackers collected information about English electronic casinos and bookmakers, and then demanded a ransom from their owners, threatening to interfere with the operation of Internet servers. The guys weren't joking. For example, the company "Canbet Sports Bookmakers Ltd" (Canbet Sports Bookmakers Ltd), which refused to pay a ransom of 10 thousand dollars, they blocked the web server during the days of racing for the Breeders ' Cup. At the same time, the company lost more than 200 thousand dollars for each day. After that, the bookmakers became more compliant. They say that Maksakov, Petrov and Stepanov "cut" about $ 4 million from them. But thanks to the joint efforts of the national Directorate for combating High-tech crimes in the UK (NHTCU), Interpol, the FBI, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Prosecutor General's Office of the Russian Federation, the hackers were identified and detained. According to the court verdict, each of them received 8 years of captivity and a fine of 100 thousand rubles.
Spanish computer wreckers also received harsh sentences, after in 2010 the police in the Pyrenees conducted the largest-scale operation in world history to expose hackers. As a result, it was possible to identify and detain the creators of the virus "Mariposa" (Spanish for "butterfly"). This virus has infected 13 million computers worldwide in just a few months. And many users will probably be happy to vote for the most painful death penalty for distributors of computer infection.
(c) Oleg Loginov
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