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As is known, ATMs, like any self-service banking devices installed in public places and providing the issuance and storage of cash, are, on the one hand, a source of increased danger for all participants in the process of servicing them, and on the other hand, they are one of the most attractive objects for commission of illegal actions by attackers. These circumstances require ATM owners to solve a number of problems related to ensuring the safe operation and maintenance of ATMs. Among them there are four main areas:
The first three points are fairly obvious. Thus, the process of loading/unloading an ATM by collection services usually takes several minutes, during which collectors may be attacked by criminal elements. Cardholders may also be subject to similar attacks when receiving cash.
Despite the security measures provided by manufacturers, modern ATMs still remain a target for attacks by criminal elements associated with both attempts to steal cash and household vandalism. According to statistics, in the UK alone, the number of successful attacks on ATMs in 2000 was more than eighty and continues to increase almost linearly with the growing number of installed ATMs.
The last, fourth of the areas we have listed deserves a more detailed analysis. An ATM, being an automated self-service device, often becomes a tool that is actively used in various types of attempts to perform fraudulent cash withdrawal transactions.
Taking into account all these factors, it becomes obvious that when ensuring the safe operation of an ATM fleet, its owners are faced with the need to use a whole range of organizational and technical measures at various levels: from the use of transaction security systems in processing centers and software and hardware tools that ensure the resolution of controversial situations , to protecting the ATM installation site itself (ensuring the safety of operations in the service area and service area) and equipping it with video monitoring and alarm systems.
Video monitoring and alarm systems for ATMs play an important role in ensuring the safe operation of ATMs by providing video surveillance of the ATM installation location, recording and storing information in a video archive, as well as prompt notification in the event of emergency situations.
Each of the possible scenarios of attackers’ actions (attacks aimed at taking possession of cash stored in an ATM, acts of vandalism against the ATM itself, attempts at fraud when performing cash withdrawal operations) places its own specific requirements on the composition and characteristics of video monitoring and alarm systems ATMs. Taking into account these requirements, provision should be made for the use of a wide range of different sensors installed directly in the ATM (seismic sensor, thermal sensor, sensor for opening a safe lock under duress), installation of several video cameras, ensuring long-term storage of a video archive and a number of other measures, in most cases regulated requirements of international payment systems.
In addition, for effective and reliable operation of ATM video monitoring tools, additional means must be used to ensure protection of the ATM video monitoring tools themselves from influence from intruders: blinding video cameras, darkening the ATM installation site, etc.
Specifics of an ATM as a video object -control sets certain requirements for the video recording function. The latter should provide for video recording simultaneously from several video cameras, initialization of video recording when a motion detector or security alarm sensor is triggered, providing the possibility of “rolling back” the recording start time, cyclic recording mode (erasing outdated archives and recording new ones in their place, provided that the required storage period for archived recordings is ensured ).
As already noted, with such a variety of tasks and possible problem situations, the need for an integrated, systematic approach to ensuring the security of the ATM fleet is obvious.
The structure of the VOS (video security system for the ATM network) includes two main components: local video security systems for ATMs (LVOS) and a centralized video monitoring system for the ATM network (CCVK).
The ATM LVOS is located at the ATM installation site and ensures recording of primary video information received from video cameras into the video archive, displaying it at the LVOS observation point (if necessary), receiving, processing and recording messages from the ATM, as well as signals from sensors installed both inside and outside the ATM, transmission of alarm signals and operational video information files to the centralized video control system in the event of emergency situations, reception and processing of requests to the video archive, generation and transmission of request results (video frames) to the centralized video control system.
The LVOS infrastructure consists of video cameras equipped with infrared illumination devices and light filters, a wide range of sensors for various purposes, as well as a local video security system (LVOS) unit;
The number of video cameras connected to the system is determined by the specifics of the installation location and the mode of operation of the ATM (inside or outside the bank premises, operating time of the ATM, characteristics of the service area, etc.) The minimum requirement is to connect two video cameras: one provides a frontal view, recording the client’s appearance, the second provides an overview of the cash dispensing area and the ATM card reader area, recording the fact of cash dispensing and data about the card used.
To ensure the protection of video cameras from external influences from intruders (dazzle of video cameras, darkening of the ATM installation site), light filters and infrared illumination devices are used. In such cases, sensors installed directly in the ATM provide prompt notification of the system about detected signs of attempts to impede the operation of video surveillance equipment, as well as immediate activation of the alarm system. BLVOS is the main component of a local video security system. Its functions include: recording video information in a video archive, presenting operational video information to the operator, viewing the video archive and interacting with the centralized video control system of the ATM network.
When installing an ATM outside a bank branch, the BLVOS is located either directly in the ATM or in the ATM service area, and when installed in a bank - in a specially designated room.
BLVOS ensures that information is recorded in a video archive when ATM sensors or sensors that provide security for the self-service zone and service zone are triggered. Similar actions are taken by the system when a motion (activity) detector is triggered, as well as when a message is received from the ATM control computer (UCC) about the execution of a transaction at the ATM. The video archive is placed on the BLVOS hard magnetic drives. The size of the archive is calculated taking into account the predicted intensity of recording in the video archive and is about 40 - 100 GB, provided that a black-and-white video image of 384x288 format is recorded. Recording in the video archive is organized in the system according to the principle of cyclic recording, which ensures the required duration of storage of video information. Its recording in the video archive is carried out with reference to the video camera number, date and time of recording, and when recording video information related to a transaction through an ATM - with reference to the details of the plastic card used, the transaction number and the date and time of the host. Thanks to this, the search for video information in the video archive can be carried out using each of the listed parameters.
To digitize a video image, a special video input card is provided with relay inputs and outputs integrated on it for connecting sensors and warning devices.
The logic (scenario) for recording and displaying video information is determined by the BLVOS settings and is coordinated with the bank’s security services. The system also provides a triplex mode - simultaneous recording, display and viewing of video information.
One of the most important functions of the BLVOS is interaction with the central control system. Thus, when sensors installed inside or outside the ATM are triggered, the system transmits “alarm” messages to the central control system. BLVOS also ensures the reception of requests from the SCVC to receive video information from the video archive and the transmission of the requested video frame to the SCVC.
It is possible to remotely change the settings of the BLVOS from the CCTV. Both standard communication channels of ATMs and additional channels (switched telephone line, radio channels, etc.) can be used as communication channels between the BLVOS and the CCTV.
An important role in the functioning of any complex video security system of an ATM network is played by such a function as self-diagnosis for a particular system malfunction. For this purpose, the BLVOS is equipped with built-in means of monitoring the technical condition of the components of the local video security system. If a malfunction is detected in any component of the system, a corresponding message is transmitted to the central control system.
If necessary, video cameras and sensors can be connected to the BLVOS, providing security for other objects of the bank division, which makes it possible to create an integrated video control system for the bank division.
The centralized video monitoring system for the ATM network is located in a bank department and ensures the reception and registration of “alarm” messages coming from the LVOS, the generation and transmission of requests to the LVOS video archive, the reception and presentation of the results of requests to the video archive, viewing and printing of the results of the requested video frames, remote control of LVOS operating modes, as well as transfer of information to units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation in the event of emergency situations.
The CCVC includes a centralized video control unit (CVCU), which ensures the implementation of the basic functions of the CCVC, as well as an operator terminal, which includes a monitor, printer and keyboard.
When an “alarm” message is received from the LVOS, it is displayed on the CCTV monitor and registered in the CCTV log (date, time, source), while the system provides the ability to view the CCVC log.
If necessary, the operator can provide a request for video information from the LVOS archive. The request parameters, as already noted, can be date, time, card details or transaction number. The video security system of the ATM network has already been successfully tested and implemented at a number of facilities of the North-West Bank of Sberbank of Russia. At the same time, during the operation of the system, it has proven in practice its ability to successfully solve the problem of identifying persons both carrying out unauthorized transactions with bank cards and committing acts of vandalism against the bank’s ATM.
- protection of collectors when loading/unloading ATMs with cash;
- protection of cardholders when performing transactions;
- protecting the ATM from the actions of intruders;
- protection against fraud during transactions.
The first three points are fairly obvious. Thus, the process of loading/unloading an ATM by collection services usually takes several minutes, during which collectors may be attacked by criminal elements. Cardholders may also be subject to similar attacks when receiving cash.
Despite the security measures provided by manufacturers, modern ATMs still remain a target for attacks by criminal elements associated with both attempts to steal cash and household vandalism. According to statistics, in the UK alone, the number of successful attacks on ATMs in 2000 was more than eighty and continues to increase almost linearly with the growing number of installed ATMs.
The last, fourth of the areas we have listed deserves a more detailed analysis. An ATM, being an automated self-service device, often becomes a tool that is actively used in various types of attempts to perform fraudulent cash withdrawal transactions.
Taking into account all these factors, it becomes obvious that when ensuring the safe operation of an ATM fleet, its owners are faced with the need to use a whole range of organizational and technical measures at various levels: from the use of transaction security systems in processing centers and software and hardware tools that ensure the resolution of controversial situations , to protecting the ATM installation site itself (ensuring the safety of operations in the service area and service area) and equipping it with video monitoring and alarm systems.
Video monitoring and alarm systems for ATMs play an important role in ensuring the safe operation of ATMs by providing video surveillance of the ATM installation location, recording and storing information in a video archive, as well as prompt notification in the event of emergency situations.
Each of the possible scenarios of attackers’ actions (attacks aimed at taking possession of cash stored in an ATM, acts of vandalism against the ATM itself, attempts at fraud when performing cash withdrawal operations) places its own specific requirements on the composition and characteristics of video monitoring and alarm systems ATMs. Taking into account these requirements, provision should be made for the use of a wide range of different sensors installed directly in the ATM (seismic sensor, thermal sensor, sensor for opening a safe lock under duress), installation of several video cameras, ensuring long-term storage of a video archive and a number of other measures, in most cases regulated requirements of international payment systems.
In addition, for effective and reliable operation of ATM video monitoring tools, additional means must be used to ensure protection of the ATM video monitoring tools themselves from influence from intruders: blinding video cameras, darkening the ATM installation site, etc.
Specifics of an ATM as a video object -control sets certain requirements for the video recording function. The latter should provide for video recording simultaneously from several video cameras, initialization of video recording when a motion detector or security alarm sensor is triggered, providing the possibility of “rolling back” the recording start time, cyclic recording mode (erasing outdated archives and recording new ones in their place, provided that the required storage period for archived recordings is ensured ).
As already noted, with such a variety of tasks and possible problem situations, the need for an integrated, systematic approach to ensuring the security of the ATM fleet is obvious.
The structure of the VOS (video security system for the ATM network) includes two main components: local video security systems for ATMs (LVOS) and a centralized video monitoring system for the ATM network (CCVK).
The ATM LVOS is located at the ATM installation site and ensures recording of primary video information received from video cameras into the video archive, displaying it at the LVOS observation point (if necessary), receiving, processing and recording messages from the ATM, as well as signals from sensors installed both inside and outside the ATM, transmission of alarm signals and operational video information files to the centralized video control system in the event of emergency situations, reception and processing of requests to the video archive, generation and transmission of request results (video frames) to the centralized video control system.
The LVOS infrastructure consists of video cameras equipped with infrared illumination devices and light filters, a wide range of sensors for various purposes, as well as a local video security system (LVOS) unit;
The number of video cameras connected to the system is determined by the specifics of the installation location and the mode of operation of the ATM (inside or outside the bank premises, operating time of the ATM, characteristics of the service area, etc.) The minimum requirement is to connect two video cameras: one provides a frontal view, recording the client’s appearance, the second provides an overview of the cash dispensing area and the ATM card reader area, recording the fact of cash dispensing and data about the card used.
To ensure the protection of video cameras from external influences from intruders (dazzle of video cameras, darkening of the ATM installation site), light filters and infrared illumination devices are used. In such cases, sensors installed directly in the ATM provide prompt notification of the system about detected signs of attempts to impede the operation of video surveillance equipment, as well as immediate activation of the alarm system. BLVOS is the main component of a local video security system. Its functions include: recording video information in a video archive, presenting operational video information to the operator, viewing the video archive and interacting with the centralized video control system of the ATM network.
When installing an ATM outside a bank branch, the BLVOS is located either directly in the ATM or in the ATM service area, and when installed in a bank - in a specially designated room.
BLVOS ensures that information is recorded in a video archive when ATM sensors or sensors that provide security for the self-service zone and service zone are triggered. Similar actions are taken by the system when a motion (activity) detector is triggered, as well as when a message is received from the ATM control computer (UCC) about the execution of a transaction at the ATM. The video archive is placed on the BLVOS hard magnetic drives. The size of the archive is calculated taking into account the predicted intensity of recording in the video archive and is about 40 - 100 GB, provided that a black-and-white video image of 384x288 format is recorded. Recording in the video archive is organized in the system according to the principle of cyclic recording, which ensures the required duration of storage of video information. Its recording in the video archive is carried out with reference to the video camera number, date and time of recording, and when recording video information related to a transaction through an ATM - with reference to the details of the plastic card used, the transaction number and the date and time of the host. Thanks to this, the search for video information in the video archive can be carried out using each of the listed parameters.
To digitize a video image, a special video input card is provided with relay inputs and outputs integrated on it for connecting sensors and warning devices.
The logic (scenario) for recording and displaying video information is determined by the BLVOS settings and is coordinated with the bank’s security services. The system also provides a triplex mode - simultaneous recording, display and viewing of video information.
One of the most important functions of the BLVOS is interaction with the central control system. Thus, when sensors installed inside or outside the ATM are triggered, the system transmits “alarm” messages to the central control system. BLVOS also ensures the reception of requests from the SCVC to receive video information from the video archive and the transmission of the requested video frame to the SCVC.
It is possible to remotely change the settings of the BLVOS from the CCTV. Both standard communication channels of ATMs and additional channels (switched telephone line, radio channels, etc.) can be used as communication channels between the BLVOS and the CCTV.
An important role in the functioning of any complex video security system of an ATM network is played by such a function as self-diagnosis for a particular system malfunction. For this purpose, the BLVOS is equipped with built-in means of monitoring the technical condition of the components of the local video security system. If a malfunction is detected in any component of the system, a corresponding message is transmitted to the central control system.
If necessary, video cameras and sensors can be connected to the BLVOS, providing security for other objects of the bank division, which makes it possible to create an integrated video control system for the bank division.
Video security system for ATM network
The centralized video monitoring system for the ATM network is located in a bank department and ensures the reception and registration of “alarm” messages coming from the LVOS, the generation and transmission of requests to the LVOS video archive, the reception and presentation of the results of requests to the video archive, viewing and printing of the results of the requested video frames, remote control of LVOS operating modes, as well as transfer of information to units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation in the event of emergency situations.
The CCVC includes a centralized video control unit (CVCU), which ensures the implementation of the basic functions of the CCVC, as well as an operator terminal, which includes a monitor, printer and keyboard.
When an “alarm” message is received from the LVOS, it is displayed on the CCTV monitor and registered in the CCTV log (date, time, source), while the system provides the ability to view the CCVC log.
If necessary, the operator can provide a request for video information from the LVOS archive. The request parameters, as already noted, can be date, time, card details or transaction number. The video security system of the ATM network has already been successfully tested and implemented at a number of facilities of the North-West Bank of Sberbank of Russia. At the same time, during the operation of the system, it has proven in practice its ability to successfully solve the problem of identifying persons both carrying out unauthorized transactions with bank cards and committing acts of vandalism against the bank’s ATM.
