Carding from the point of view of psychological foundations is a complex phenomenon. They have always stolen and will probably continue to steal for a very long time, unless, of course, someday humanity penetrates the secrets of the human psyche and is able to once and for all block the basalt areas of the brain responsible for instinctive behavior. But this is more from the realm of fantasy than from the scientific sphere. Without understanding the psychological mechanisms of carding, it is impossible to effectively combat it.
Carding, as the hidden appropriation of someone else's property, refers to those forms of human social behavior that are a breakthrough of instincts through the barriers of social prohibitions in a person: law, morality, religion. This is like aggressiveness and violence in various forms and manifestations, polygamy in sexual relationships, incest, selfishness and some others. What instincts are the fundamental basis of carding?
1. The desire to satisfy your needs. The basis of any human activity (including carding) is unmet human needs. Material need (from the point of view of ethology (biological science that studies the behavior of animals in natural conditions), it can be designated as a complex of reactions of the self-preservation instinct) is a very strong, stable and painful causative agent of human activity. Usually a person satisfies his needs by obtaining what he needs. However, in a broader context, work is hard, necessary activity. Perhaps the classics were right when they argued that labor created man. But work has always been and in many ways remains a necessity, not a joy. This does not mean that a person does not enjoy work. Activities, especially creative and highly professional ones, can bring satisfaction and can become a kind of drug, without which a person cannot imagine life. Here we mean labor as a necessity, not always a desired process. It is in this aspect that carding is a manifestation of the desire to get rid of this need and obtain the necessary resources, albeit strangers, without difficulty in the usual sense.
The fact that carding is a natural (from the point of view of psychological mechanisms, and not law or morality!) tendency in human behavior is clearly demonstrated by the behavior of young children. A child acts naturally, in accordance with his desires, when he takes someone else’s toy and puts it in his pocket. For him, this is a spontaneous action - just take it and use it, especially if he doesn’t have such a toy. Then the adults will explain to him why this cannot be done. At first, the child cannot understand “why it’s not possible.”
S. Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis, wrote: “the division of the psyche into the conscious and unconscious makes it possible to understand important pathological processes in mental life.” Undoubtedly, a person has power over his impulse to move and behave, but there are needs that are basic and that a person seeks to satisfy in any way. Carding, of course, is not a need (we are not taking into account kleptomania now - the pathological desire to steal, to appropriate other people's things that a person does not even need), but it has a basis - a human need, which, when realized, becomes the motive for his behavior. In accordance with the phenomenon of the cultivation of human instincts, the circumstances that accompany this process throughout the history of the development of society lead to the formation of the will to arbitrariness or non-arbitrariness. In other words, if a person participates in the exchange of exchange values (not just products of labor, exchange, but products that have a certain value for him), he develops a will in the form of arbitrariness, manifested in criminal, immoral behavior, in behavior that does not correspond to ethical, legal norms. Let us repeat, this is S. Freud’s point of view, and, despite such a linear causality of carding as anti-normative behavior, there is a rational grain here, no matter how paradoxical it may sound about S. Freud’s theory. And further, depending on what this effect of cultivation is, a person becomes selectively receptive to certain means of achieving his goal, the opportunities that open up for him. Therefore, the roots of carding, as a type of arbitrariness, should be sought at the very beginning of the history of the development of society, in the mechanisms of socio-psychological relations.
So, on the one hand, we have the needs of an individual person, his value orientations, future, as yet unrealized, results that he is focused on achieving. On the other hand, we have the values of the surrounding world, which dictate the rules of behavior, the norms by which a carder must be guided, there are potential opportunities provided by the surrounding world, and there is also something available to a carder at the moment:
carder ← need relations → the surrounding world (values)
As a result, a carder’s categories (desired) may or may not correspond to the categories provided to him (actually possible). The greater the discrepancy between what is necessary and what is available, the more important the unattained goal is for a person, the higher the person’s tension and the more pronounced the orientation towards achieving the necessary result. As a result, a person will look for more ways to solve the problem, weakening some previously restraining boundaries. That is, a need is an internal program of human life that must and will be put into action. In other words, if necessity becomes dominant, “all means are good” for a person.
2. Carding as aggressive behavior. The second aspect of the psychological genesis of carding, no less significant than the one discussed above, is human aggressiveness. After all, at its core, carding is hidden, indirect aggression. If a child does not realize that he is harming the owner by taking (i.e., stealing) someone else’s toy without permission, then an adult, as a rule, is well aware of this. Appropriating with the help of violence, causing damage, many people experience pleasure from carding, as from victory, success as such. In addition, often the purpose of carding in organizations and in production is to cause damage to the company as a whole or its individual managers.
3. The desire to hoard. There is a third element to the root cause of carding. This is the desire to collect. There are many examples of such behavior in the animal world, when animals collect supplies that significantly exceed their needs, i.e. stocking up for future use. People often implement this according to the formula: “even though I already have it, it’s lying around without control, so I’ll take it, maybe it’ll come in handy.”
This instinct can explain those facts of carding that are not committed by poor or hungry people. The carding of a hungry person is one thing, the hoarding passion of a person who is “fed up” and “provided for the end of life” is another.
In the ethological literature one can find an indication that the genetic basis of hoarding psychology (including at the expense of others) lies in the collecting instinct that we inherited from our ancient ancestors. To a certain extent, we can agree with this. At least in relation to the passion of many people for collecting or in relation to the tendency of some to make reserves for a rainy day for any reason and for no reason. Of course, carding and collecting are not identical concepts. The second is a civilized form of hoarding. But the connection between these phenomena from the point of view of the evolution of behavior is unconditional.
However, unsatisfied needs or the collecting instinct alone cannot explain, say, why the desire to steal so often overpowers security considerations even among very smart and far-sighted people. They take risks, asserting themselves.
4. The desire for self-affirmation. Sometimes carding allows a person to satisfy his ambition, his ambitions. The ambitious and prestigious, and not always consumer, nature of the experiences associated with the possession of stolen property is usually recorded among thieves who work “big.” Successful carding is considered as a successful acquisition, a successful operation. A person can assert himself not through labor or his own abilities, but through the appropriation of someone else’s.
In addition to its psychological characteristics, carding must also be considered as a phenomenon in the system of social relations. Corruption, permissiveness, weakness of the judiciary, imperfect laws, omissions in the education system and other negative social factors will undoubtedly produce carding as a social phenomenon.
(c) Author: Olga SHIPILOVSKAYA
vk.com
Carding, as the hidden appropriation of someone else's property, refers to those forms of human social behavior that are a breakthrough of instincts through the barriers of social prohibitions in a person: law, morality, religion. This is like aggressiveness and violence in various forms and manifestations, polygamy in sexual relationships, incest, selfishness and some others. What instincts are the fundamental basis of carding?
1. The desire to satisfy your needs. The basis of any human activity (including carding) is unmet human needs. Material need (from the point of view of ethology (biological science that studies the behavior of animals in natural conditions), it can be designated as a complex of reactions of the self-preservation instinct) is a very strong, stable and painful causative agent of human activity. Usually a person satisfies his needs by obtaining what he needs. However, in a broader context, work is hard, necessary activity. Perhaps the classics were right when they argued that labor created man. But work has always been and in many ways remains a necessity, not a joy. This does not mean that a person does not enjoy work. Activities, especially creative and highly professional ones, can bring satisfaction and can become a kind of drug, without which a person cannot imagine life. Here we mean labor as a necessity, not always a desired process. It is in this aspect that carding is a manifestation of the desire to get rid of this need and obtain the necessary resources, albeit strangers, without difficulty in the usual sense.
The fact that carding is a natural (from the point of view of psychological mechanisms, and not law or morality!) tendency in human behavior is clearly demonstrated by the behavior of young children. A child acts naturally, in accordance with his desires, when he takes someone else’s toy and puts it in his pocket. For him, this is a spontaneous action - just take it and use it, especially if he doesn’t have such a toy. Then the adults will explain to him why this cannot be done. At first, the child cannot understand “why it’s not possible.”
S. Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis, wrote: “the division of the psyche into the conscious and unconscious makes it possible to understand important pathological processes in mental life.” Undoubtedly, a person has power over his impulse to move and behave, but there are needs that are basic and that a person seeks to satisfy in any way. Carding, of course, is not a need (we are not taking into account kleptomania now - the pathological desire to steal, to appropriate other people's things that a person does not even need), but it has a basis - a human need, which, when realized, becomes the motive for his behavior. In accordance with the phenomenon of the cultivation of human instincts, the circumstances that accompany this process throughout the history of the development of society lead to the formation of the will to arbitrariness or non-arbitrariness. In other words, if a person participates in the exchange of exchange values (not just products of labor, exchange, but products that have a certain value for him), he develops a will in the form of arbitrariness, manifested in criminal, immoral behavior, in behavior that does not correspond to ethical, legal norms. Let us repeat, this is S. Freud’s point of view, and, despite such a linear causality of carding as anti-normative behavior, there is a rational grain here, no matter how paradoxical it may sound about S. Freud’s theory. And further, depending on what this effect of cultivation is, a person becomes selectively receptive to certain means of achieving his goal, the opportunities that open up for him. Therefore, the roots of carding, as a type of arbitrariness, should be sought at the very beginning of the history of the development of society, in the mechanisms of socio-psychological relations.
So, on the one hand, we have the needs of an individual person, his value orientations, future, as yet unrealized, results that he is focused on achieving. On the other hand, we have the values of the surrounding world, which dictate the rules of behavior, the norms by which a carder must be guided, there are potential opportunities provided by the surrounding world, and there is also something available to a carder at the moment:
carder ← need relations → the surrounding world (values)
As a result, a carder’s categories (desired) may or may not correspond to the categories provided to him (actually possible). The greater the discrepancy between what is necessary and what is available, the more important the unattained goal is for a person, the higher the person’s tension and the more pronounced the orientation towards achieving the necessary result. As a result, a person will look for more ways to solve the problem, weakening some previously restraining boundaries. That is, a need is an internal program of human life that must and will be put into action. In other words, if necessity becomes dominant, “all means are good” for a person.
2. Carding as aggressive behavior. The second aspect of the psychological genesis of carding, no less significant than the one discussed above, is human aggressiveness. After all, at its core, carding is hidden, indirect aggression. If a child does not realize that he is harming the owner by taking (i.e., stealing) someone else’s toy without permission, then an adult, as a rule, is well aware of this. Appropriating with the help of violence, causing damage, many people experience pleasure from carding, as from victory, success as such. In addition, often the purpose of carding in organizations and in production is to cause damage to the company as a whole or its individual managers.
3. The desire to hoard. There is a third element to the root cause of carding. This is the desire to collect. There are many examples of such behavior in the animal world, when animals collect supplies that significantly exceed their needs, i.e. stocking up for future use. People often implement this according to the formula: “even though I already have it, it’s lying around without control, so I’ll take it, maybe it’ll come in handy.”
This instinct can explain those facts of carding that are not committed by poor or hungry people. The carding of a hungry person is one thing, the hoarding passion of a person who is “fed up” and “provided for the end of life” is another.
In the ethological literature one can find an indication that the genetic basis of hoarding psychology (including at the expense of others) lies in the collecting instinct that we inherited from our ancient ancestors. To a certain extent, we can agree with this. At least in relation to the passion of many people for collecting or in relation to the tendency of some to make reserves for a rainy day for any reason and for no reason. Of course, carding and collecting are not identical concepts. The second is a civilized form of hoarding. But the connection between these phenomena from the point of view of the evolution of behavior is unconditional.
However, unsatisfied needs or the collecting instinct alone cannot explain, say, why the desire to steal so often overpowers security considerations even among very smart and far-sighted people. They take risks, asserting themselves.
4. The desire for self-affirmation. Sometimes carding allows a person to satisfy his ambition, his ambitions. The ambitious and prestigious, and not always consumer, nature of the experiences associated with the possession of stolen property is usually recorded among thieves who work “big.” Successful carding is considered as a successful acquisition, a successful operation. A person can assert himself not through labor or his own abilities, but through the appropriation of someone else’s.
In addition to its psychological characteristics, carding must also be considered as a phenomenon in the system of social relations. Corruption, permissiveness, weakness of the judiciary, imperfect laws, omissions in the education system and other negative social factors will undoubtedly produce carding as a social phenomenon.
(c) Author: Olga SHIPILOVSKAYA
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