How are smart cards different from regular plastic cards? Types, standards, areas of use.

[Carding Forum]

Why is a Smart card called smart? How is it different from a regular plastic card? What types of identification cards are there? What standards do they meet and where are they used? Let's try to understand all these questions.

A smart card is a plastic contactless card with a chip that stores the necessary information. The chip in the card allows you to record, store and read any data. Despite the fact that they perform almost the same functions, there are several types of such identifiers. Cards differ from each other in chip types, reading methods, areas of application and standards used.

Classification of contactless cards by chip type​

Smart cards use different types of modules that differ from each other in the functions they perform. In accordance with them, identifiers are divided into groups:

• Memory cards – used to store data. Access to reading and writing information can be open or closed;
• Microprocessor-based – can convert data using a special program or software, protect against copying when reading and writing;
• Cards with cryptographic logic – operate in systems where information protection is required, encrypting it using cryptographic keys, electronic signatures, etc.

The type of chips determines the method of reading data . Here, too, three types of cards are distinguished:

• Contact – they have a metal part that must touch the reader during reading. This is a reliable and convenient system, easy to use, but it wears out quickly.
• Contactless or RFID cards (radio frequency) work at a distance. When entering the reader's field, the chip transmits the necessary information. In this case, the work is carried out at a distance of up to 10 cm, so the system is considered durable.
• Dual interface identifiers can work with both technologies simultaneously. This allows the system to be gradually transferred to a higher and more efficient level of operation.

Compliance with plastic smart card standards​

All plastic smart cards are manufactured according to different standards. Thus, ISO-7816 is used for contact cards and defines their parameters: physical and electrical characteristics, data exchange protocol, recording format, etc.

Mifare contactless cards have their own standard – ISO/IEC 14443. It also defines the physical properties of identifiers, normal operating conditions, radio frequency parameters, data exchange protocols, etc.

There are other additional requirements that identifiers must meet.

Where are electronic smart cards with a microchip used?​

Identification cards with a chip can be used in all areas where identification of a client or employee is required. Today, they are increasingly replacing conventional plastic cards, passes, etc. So, for what areas are they suitable?

1. Public transport. You can pay with a transport card in the metro, buses, trolleybuses and even commuter trains.
2. Telephony. Cards for payphones and GSM cards for mobile phones are used everywhere.
3. Security systems. Ensure the functioning of access control systems at enterprises, control access to different zones, identify users, etc.
4. Medical institutions. Plastic insurance policies are much more reliable and durable than regular paper ones.
5. Loyalty programs. Discount and bonus RFID cards for customers – fast, modern and accurate identification of buyers.
6. Finance. Bank cards: credit and debit, etc. – a convenient method of payment and reliable protection of funds.

In all these areas, smart cards have already taken a strong position. As the identification system develops, they offer new, increasingly sophisticated solutions.

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