Lord777
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Features of national brainwashing: unsubstantiated statements, fictitious sources, slander, insults and black PR, and the worse the better. Such is the mysterious soul, for which the more deceitful and rude, the more believable.
There are common techniques used by both cautious Western propagandists and hysterical Russian ones. The main ones are: "friend or foe", "labels", "generalizations" and "platitudes":
1. Friend or foe.
This flock principle, genetically fixed in our ancestral memory, is the main method of political agitation of all times and peoples.
It is worth turning to him, how he responds in millions of hearts. With an external threat, real or imaginary, the nation, obeying instincts, rallies around the leader. She just needs to explain who is a good guy and who is bad. The mechanisms of perception inherent in us are simplified in case of danger, turning the world into black and white. And if the flywheel of the "national threat" is launched, it can no longer be stopped.
2. Labels.
With the help of stigmatization - stigmatization, insult and creation of negative images - propagandists put primitive templates-labels into our consciousness: from “ukrofashists”, “liberals” and “national traitors” to “sovoks” and “vatniks”. The personification of evil, based on clichéd, symbolic thinking, directs public outrage in the right direction.
3. "We are many, and we are together."
Generalizations are most often presented as a result of opinion polls: 86% approve of Putin's policies, 78% consider themselves happy, 60% support shutting down the Internet in the event of mass protests. Sometimes they do without numbers: the majority support the government, millions and millions dream of a monarchy, or no one is against shooting the opposition.
In Solomon Asch's experiments, the subjects said that the black balls were white, because everyone around them said so. Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann explains that people are afraid to express opinions that run counter to the mainstream, and this is how a spiral of silence begins, from fear of isolation by those in the minority to a dominant role for the media. Man is conformist by nature, and there is nothing you can do about it.
4. Unsignificant platitudes.
The people, like a woman, love with their ears, therefore they are greedy for beautiful, correct words, addressed not to the mind, but to the heart. Voter invariably prefers seductive and obviously unrealizable promises to boring, albeit realistic, election promises, and a sober-minded politician always loses to a sweet-voiced chatterbox.
The president is fluent in the art of meaningless platitudes: “Has a great history and no less great future”, “We are ready to accept any challenge of the time and win”, “I see as prosperous, and its citizens are happy and confident that will be tomorrow".
5. Incorrect causal relationship, substitution of the true reason for the false one.
For example, censorship is needed in order to protect children from pornography, adults from information injections by "Western agents", and the country from destabilization (and not at all to hide information about undeclared palaces, yachts and accounts). Often, the substitution goes beyond the boundaries of sanity and the logic of events. For example, in the statement that "the West imposed sanctions out of fear of economic growth."
6. An incorrect investigation is presented as a priori, not requiring proof.
If A, then B, although in fact B does not follow from A. If all corrupt officials are put in prison, then new ones will come, hungry and greedy, and corruption will intensify. If Putin leaves, then Russia will fall apart.
7. Vicious circle.
A trick in which in the first part of the statement they refer to the second, and in the second - to the first as already proven. The president is always right because the president is always right. The official media don't lie, because the official media never lie.
The information about bank accounts and foreign real estate of politicians was falsified, because they were published by the opposition media, and not the official ones.
8. Incorrect discretization, when something whole is broken into parts, and each part is considered as a whole.
For example, one of the opposition camps - the liberal one - is presented by propagandists as the entire opposition, to which liberal leaders, ideas and slogans are attributed. With which the communists, social democrats, libertarians, anarchists and monarchists are unlikely to agree. But in the minds of the inhabitants, the combination "oppositionist-liberal" is hammered in tightly. Opposition? Necessarily liberal. Oppositionist? Hence, a liberal.
9. False dilemma. Or or.
Either you are a "patriot" (in the sense in which this concept is used by official propaganda). Or you support the authorities, or "enemies" (see the paragraph about "friend or foe"). Or for the DPR. In general, whoever is not with us is against us. The third, as if not given.
10. Headings.
The average Internet user reads only 20% of the text, snatching out the beginning, middle and end. And to get information about what is happening, he reads the headlines of news feeds. There is a lot of news, but there is only one head, but I really want to be aware of everything in the world. This is what the headline masters use, turning them into a full-fledged propaganda weapon.
For example, here are three headlines for one piece of news, none of which is in fact true: "Putin found $ 2 billion", "Investigation is aimed at Russia and Putin personally", "There is no data on Putin in the Panama papers "... Perceiving headlines as a logline, a summary of an article in one phrase, users read the" necessary "information, often contradicting the facts.
For example, they learn that "the Poles will demolish 500 Soviet monuments," and they drink valokordin. Although in reality we are not talking about demolition, but about the transfer, moreover, only proposed and not even resolved. Or they will see that “oil will be sold for rubles,” and they are very proud of the country and the national currency. Although the article talks about the fact that Iran refused to sell oil from the dollar in favor of the euro, and in the last paragraph, the journalist only discusses whether it is possible to establish oil trade for rubles (would that wheel, if it happened , reach Moscow or not?).
11. Experts and quotes.
At best, our propaganda quotes words taken out of context. Or out of a million statements, they take one convenient one, which is served under the sauce "this is how the French really think" or "German citizens do not support Merkel's position on sanctions."
12. Sources.
"The media published documents about Navalny's work for the CIA and MI6," the pro-Kremlin newspaper writes, citing. And it seems as if all the newspapers, websites and TV channels of the country got their hands on irrefutable evidence, which they immediately made public. Although this is just one channel, not all media. On the other hand, you won't find fault: is a mass media that really published some kind of “documents”.
However, our media have long been no longer ashamed of non-existent authors and anonymous blogs, and their main sources are: "according to the authors", "according to experts", "according to experts" or "as the authoritative edition writes."
13. Words.
The seemingly harmless "supposedly", "attributed", "as if", "some", "so-called" will turn any, most neutral article inside out. Interpretation is more important than fact. You can write a text without distorting anything, and then pepper it with "words" beyond recognition.
Compare: "Friends of Putin were mentioned in the anti-corruption investigation" and "Some friends of Putin were allegedly mentioned in the so-called anti-corruption investigation."
14. Falsifications.
One of the most important methods of Russian propaganda, senseless and merciless. From the crucified boy to "Agent Freedom".
15. Conspiracy theories and ulterior motives.
Spy passions, Masonic conspiracies, conspiracy theories - this is our everything. We are suspicious of a reasonable, logical, but simple explanation. But in a completely incredible script, sewn with white threads, we will believe right away. Navalny in the service of MI6, Putin's doubles, Dulles' plan, secret plans to destroy with GMOs - the crazier the version, the more fans it will have. Especially if it is aired on the central TV channel.
Judge for yourself, will you be able to resist all this without falling into any propaganda trap?
There are common techniques used by both cautious Western propagandists and hysterical Russian ones. The main ones are: "friend or foe", "labels", "generalizations" and "platitudes":
1. Friend or foe.
This flock principle, genetically fixed in our ancestral memory, is the main method of political agitation of all times and peoples.
It is worth turning to him, how he responds in millions of hearts. With an external threat, real or imaginary, the nation, obeying instincts, rallies around the leader. She just needs to explain who is a good guy and who is bad. The mechanisms of perception inherent in us are simplified in case of danger, turning the world into black and white. And if the flywheel of the "national threat" is launched, it can no longer be stopped.
2. Labels.
With the help of stigmatization - stigmatization, insult and creation of negative images - propagandists put primitive templates-labels into our consciousness: from “ukrofashists”, “liberals” and “national traitors” to “sovoks” and “vatniks”. The personification of evil, based on clichéd, symbolic thinking, directs public outrage in the right direction.
3. "We are many, and we are together."
Generalizations are most often presented as a result of opinion polls: 86% approve of Putin's policies, 78% consider themselves happy, 60% support shutting down the Internet in the event of mass protests. Sometimes they do without numbers: the majority support the government, millions and millions dream of a monarchy, or no one is against shooting the opposition.
In Solomon Asch's experiments, the subjects said that the black balls were white, because everyone around them said so. Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann explains that people are afraid to express opinions that run counter to the mainstream, and this is how a spiral of silence begins, from fear of isolation by those in the minority to a dominant role for the media. Man is conformist by nature, and there is nothing you can do about it.
4. Unsignificant platitudes.
The people, like a woman, love with their ears, therefore they are greedy for beautiful, correct words, addressed not to the mind, but to the heart. Voter invariably prefers seductive and obviously unrealizable promises to boring, albeit realistic, election promises, and a sober-minded politician always loses to a sweet-voiced chatterbox.
The president is fluent in the art of meaningless platitudes: “Has a great history and no less great future”, “We are ready to accept any challenge of the time and win”, “I see as prosperous, and its citizens are happy and confident that will be tomorrow".
5. Incorrect causal relationship, substitution of the true reason for the false one.
For example, censorship is needed in order to protect children from pornography, adults from information injections by "Western agents", and the country from destabilization (and not at all to hide information about undeclared palaces, yachts and accounts). Often, the substitution goes beyond the boundaries of sanity and the logic of events. For example, in the statement that "the West imposed sanctions out of fear of economic growth."
6. An incorrect investigation is presented as a priori, not requiring proof.
If A, then B, although in fact B does not follow from A. If all corrupt officials are put in prison, then new ones will come, hungry and greedy, and corruption will intensify. If Putin leaves, then Russia will fall apart.
7. Vicious circle.
A trick in which in the first part of the statement they refer to the second, and in the second - to the first as already proven. The president is always right because the president is always right. The official media don't lie, because the official media never lie.
The information about bank accounts and foreign real estate of politicians was falsified, because they were published by the opposition media, and not the official ones.
8. Incorrect discretization, when something whole is broken into parts, and each part is considered as a whole.
For example, one of the opposition camps - the liberal one - is presented by propagandists as the entire opposition, to which liberal leaders, ideas and slogans are attributed. With which the communists, social democrats, libertarians, anarchists and monarchists are unlikely to agree. But in the minds of the inhabitants, the combination "oppositionist-liberal" is hammered in tightly. Opposition? Necessarily liberal. Oppositionist? Hence, a liberal.
9. False dilemma. Or or.
Either you are a "patriot" (in the sense in which this concept is used by official propaganda). Or you support the authorities, or "enemies" (see the paragraph about "friend or foe"). Or for the DPR. In general, whoever is not with us is against us. The third, as if not given.
10. Headings.
The average Internet user reads only 20% of the text, snatching out the beginning, middle and end. And to get information about what is happening, he reads the headlines of news feeds. There is a lot of news, but there is only one head, but I really want to be aware of everything in the world. This is what the headline masters use, turning them into a full-fledged propaganda weapon.
For example, here are three headlines for one piece of news, none of which is in fact true: "Putin found $ 2 billion", "Investigation is aimed at Russia and Putin personally", "There is no data on Putin in the Panama papers "... Perceiving headlines as a logline, a summary of an article in one phrase, users read the" necessary "information, often contradicting the facts.
For example, they learn that "the Poles will demolish 500 Soviet monuments," and they drink valokordin. Although in reality we are not talking about demolition, but about the transfer, moreover, only proposed and not even resolved. Or they will see that “oil will be sold for rubles,” and they are very proud of the country and the national currency. Although the article talks about the fact that Iran refused to sell oil from the dollar in favor of the euro, and in the last paragraph, the journalist only discusses whether it is possible to establish oil trade for rubles (would that wheel, if it happened , reach Moscow or not?).
11. Experts and quotes.
At best, our propaganda quotes words taken out of context. Or out of a million statements, they take one convenient one, which is served under the sauce "this is how the French really think" or "German citizens do not support Merkel's position on sanctions."
For example, the secret plan "Beluga", organized by Western intelligence services to undermine the authority of Putin and the whole, was reported by "a famous French expert on security issues" and "counterintelligence chief of the French government" Paul Barril ... In fact, he is an officer of the national gendarmerie and a member of the anti-terrorist brigade, a participant in the events in Rwanda (after which he was accused of participating in genocide), a recruiter of mercenaries to support the African dictator Mobutu, who has repeatedly found himself in the center of scandals related to contract killings, extortion and slander.
12. Sources.
"The media published documents about Navalny's work for the CIA and MI6," the pro-Kremlin newspaper writes, citing. And it seems as if all the newspapers, websites and TV channels of the country got their hands on irrefutable evidence, which they immediately made public. Although this is just one channel, not all media. On the other hand, you won't find fault: is a mass media that really published some kind of “documents”.
However, our media have long been no longer ashamed of non-existent authors and anonymous blogs, and their main sources are: "according to the authors", "according to experts", "according to experts" or "as the authoritative edition writes."
13. Words.
The seemingly harmless "supposedly", "attributed", "as if", "some", "so-called" will turn any, most neutral article inside out. Interpretation is more important than fact. You can write a text without distorting anything, and then pepper it with "words" beyond recognition.
Compare: "Friends of Putin were mentioned in the anti-corruption investigation" and "Some friends of Putin were allegedly mentioned in the so-called anti-corruption investigation."
14. Falsifications.
One of the most important methods of Russian propaganda, senseless and merciless. From the crucified boy to "Agent Freedom".
15. Conspiracy theories and ulterior motives.
Spy passions, Masonic conspiracies, conspiracy theories - this is our everything. We are suspicious of a reasonable, logical, but simple explanation. But in a completely incredible script, sewn with white threads, we will believe right away. Navalny in the service of MI6, Putin's doubles, Dulles' plan, secret plans to destroy with GMOs - the crazier the version, the more fans it will have. Especially if it is aired on the central TV channel.
Judge for yourself, will you be able to resist all this without falling into any propaganda trap?