The procedure for accepting payment orders by the system for further processing depends on a number of factors:
Several payment message routing schemes are used in gross settlement systems. The most widespread is the V-shaped scheme, where a payment order containing full information about the payment is sent by the sending bank to the central bank. If there is money on the payer's account, then the payment will actually be processed, and only in this case the central bank will send the payment instruction to the receiving bank (see Fig. 5.2). A similar scheme is adopted in the RTGS of Japan, the Netherlands, the USA, the TARGET system.
In a number of countries, especially where the SWIFT communication system is used to transfer information, a Y-shaped route scheme is used. The sending bank sends the payment order to the central processor of the SWIFT network. There co-an abbreviated file of the payment document is generated, containing only the information that is necessary for the settlement of settlements. This file is sent to the central bank, which, after checking the account status on the basis of this document, makes the payment. The central bank sends the confirmation of the payment to the central processor of the network, from where the original payment order is sent to the receiving bank. Type Y is currently used in NTSS systems in Belgium, Germany, Sweden, Switzerland, Great Britain.
As follows from the above diagram (see Fig. 5.2), in the models of routes V and Y, the full payment order is sent to the receiving bank only if it has been paid. There is also a scheme b, which is analogous to Y. In this version, the payment order remains on the computer of the sending bank, and the abbreviated version of the document is transmitted to the central bank. If the payment is made and confirmation is received from the central bank, the sending bank's computer will automatically send the payment order to the receiving bank. As in Scheme Y, the exchange of documents occurs between participating banks, and the central bank acts only as a settlement agent.
Finally, a T-shaped routing system is theoretically possible, in which an unpaid payment order is sent by the sending bank via a courier service directly to the receiving bank. At the same time, a copy of the message is sent to the central bank to make the payment. With this procedure, the receiving bank will first receive an unpaid payment message and only then a confirmation of payment, if this payment takes place. Here, the main principle of the KTSB system is violated, which is that a payment order should be sent to the receiving bank only if the final payment has already been made. In addition, a flaw in the T-Scheme is that it can cause confusion when the receiving bank credits the customer's account on the basis of an order that has not yet been paid. For these reasons, the T-shaped payment scheme is practically not used.
- - type of payment message (debit or credit transfer);
- - the criticality of the payment on time (urgent or non-urgent);
- - information processing mode (individual payment or transfer of payments in batch mode);
- - the nature of RTGS interaction with other systems (for example, simultaneous introduction of final transactions into the RTGS network for their final settlement, or separate sending of all debit transfers first, and then all credit transactions).
Several payment message routing schemes are used in gross settlement systems. The most widespread is the V-shaped scheme, where a payment order containing full information about the payment is sent by the sending bank to the central bank. If there is money on the payer's account, then the payment will actually be processed, and only in this case the central bank will send the payment instruction to the receiving bank (see Fig. 5.2). A similar scheme is adopted in the RTGS of Japan, the Netherlands, the USA, the TARGET system.
In a number of countries, especially where the SWIFT communication system is used to transfer information, a Y-shaped route scheme is used. The sending bank sends the payment order to the central processor of the SWIFT network. There co-an abbreviated file of the payment document is generated, containing only the information that is necessary for the settlement of settlements. This file is sent to the central bank, which, after checking the account status on the basis of this document, makes the payment. The central bank sends the confirmation of the payment to the central processor of the network, from where the original payment order is sent to the receiving bank. Type Y is currently used in NTSS systems in Belgium, Germany, Sweden, Switzerland, Great Britain.
As follows from the above diagram (see Fig. 5.2), in the models of routes V and Y, the full payment order is sent to the receiving bank only if it has been paid. There is also a scheme b, which is analogous to Y. In this version, the payment order remains on the computer of the sending bank, and the abbreviated version of the document is transmitted to the central bank. If the payment is made and confirmation is received from the central bank, the sending bank's computer will automatically send the payment order to the receiving bank. As in Scheme Y, the exchange of documents occurs between participating banks, and the central bank acts only as a settlement agent.
Finally, a T-shaped routing system is theoretically possible, in which an unpaid payment order is sent by the sending bank via a courier service directly to the receiving bank. At the same time, a copy of the message is sent to the central bank to make the payment. With this procedure, the receiving bank will first receive an unpaid payment message and only then a confirmation of payment, if this payment takes place. Here, the main principle of the KTSB system is violated, which is that a payment order should be sent to the receiving bank only if the final payment has already been made. In addition, a flaw in the T-Scheme is that it can cause confusion when the receiving bank credits the customer's account on the basis of an order that has not yet been paid. For these reasons, the T-shaped payment scheme is practically not used.
