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Electronic access keys and plastic cards have become an integral part of our lives. As it turns out, reading information from them is quite simple. It is enough to use a small assembled device based on a microcontroller, an RFID tag reader and, having placed all this in a laptop bag, to easily read information not only from electronic keys, but also from plastic cards - those that do not have a chip, but an electronic strip.
This device uses an Arduino Nano microcontroller, its power supply is 3.3 volts. Any RFID reader can be used, its price depends on the distance at which it can read. To read from a distance of two meters, its price will be about 400 dollars, if the distance is 20 centimeters, then the price is about 150 dollars.
In general, all the parts can be bought online with home delivery. I will not specify where exactly, but I am trying to say that carrying a plastic card with you even in a regular wallet or pocket is quite unsafe. About electronic access keys, it can be said that it is even easier to skim them, they are usually lying around anywhere on tables or near the computer.
In the picture you can see that the read information is saved on a regular card in the cards.txt file.
For this and a couple more reasons, I carry plastic cards in a metal card holder.
The video makes it clearer.
DIY RFID reader from a controller and a coil of copper wire.
Since the price of RFID devices bites, nothing prevents you from making it yourself from a coil of copper wire and a few more parts.
The main task of the controller is to read the data stream. It is known that the reading frequency is 125 kHz. And access cards are used everywhere, by the way, they are also used in supermarkets to prevent losses. Tags are installed on clothes and on household electronics, perhaps they just do not fit into sausage, cheese, chips and beer. In general, into products.
Two students built an RFID reader from improvised means and described in detail how they did it. Including diagrams, diagrams, etc. Here is their device with their student cards.
RFID is a radio frequency identification used in access control systems, anti-theft systems, as well as in tracking systems, the range of action is from a few centimeters to hundreds of meters. It can be both active, with a built-in power source, and passive without it. It works in three frequency ranges:
Low frequency (LF) 125-134 kHz
High frequency (HF) 13.56 MHz
Ultra-high frequency (UHF) from 856 MHz to 960 MHz
That is, in simple terms, it is a tag, the data from which can be obtained via a radio channel, if it is active, then it itself sends signals about itself into the air, and the receiver receives them and identifies it, or in the case of a passive tag, it responds to the radio signal received from the receiver for its identification.
NFC - near field communication, designed as a secure form of data exchange, and an NFC device can be either an NFC reader or an NFC tag.
This unique feature allows NFC devices to communicate with each other at a short distance of up to a few centimeters.
It operates at a frequency of 13.56 MHz.
In simple terms, it is a transceiver for data exchange.
RFID contains and transmits information about itself.
NFC is a transceiver for transmitting any information, be it banking transactions or transferring files, pictures and videos.
RFID is subject to replay attacks, that is, it can be copied, recorded and used, for example, to access premises with contactless readers on the doors.
NFC is not subject to replay attacks, that is, it cannot be copied, recorded and used.
Now a little about the structure of a bank card with NFC.
An antenna for data reception and transmission is installed inside the card, a controller microchip, which is actually responsible for data reception and transmission, which is connected to the EMV microchip. This transceiver is in sleep mode until it receives a command from the POS terminal, a contactless reader on an ATM or from a phone.
Having received a request, the NFC chip forwards it to the EMV chip, and the response received from EMV is sent to the terminal via radio. The essence of contactless payment is that the EMV chip does not physically contact the terminal, but sends data via radio.
Thus, attempts to copy NFC are reduced to intercepting this data, decrypting and receiving information from EMV.
And here is their website: https://instruct1.cit.cornell.edu/courses/ee476/FinalProjects/s2006/cjr37/Website/index.htm
This device uses an Arduino Nano microcontroller, its power supply is 3.3 volts. Any RFID reader can be used, its price depends on the distance at which it can read. To read from a distance of two meters, its price will be about 400 dollars, if the distance is 20 centimeters, then the price is about 150 dollars.
In general, all the parts can be bought online with home delivery. I will not specify where exactly, but I am trying to say that carrying a plastic card with you even in a regular wallet or pocket is quite unsafe. About electronic access keys, it can be said that it is even easier to skim them, they are usually lying around anywhere on tables or near the computer.
In the picture you can see that the read information is saved on a regular card in the cards.txt file.
For this and a couple more reasons, I carry plastic cards in a metal card holder.
The video makes it clearer.
DIY RFID reader from a controller and a coil of copper wire.
Since the price of RFID devices bites, nothing prevents you from making it yourself from a coil of copper wire and a few more parts.
The main task of the controller is to read the data stream. It is known that the reading frequency is 125 kHz. And access cards are used everywhere, by the way, they are also used in supermarkets to prevent losses. Tags are installed on clothes and on household electronics, perhaps they just do not fit into sausage, cheese, chips and beer. In general, into products.
Two students built an RFID reader from improvised means and described in detail how they did it. Including diagrams, diagrams, etc. Here is their device with their student cards.
RFID is a radio frequency identification used in access control systems, anti-theft systems, as well as in tracking systems, the range of action is from a few centimeters to hundreds of meters. It can be both active, with a built-in power source, and passive without it. It works in three frequency ranges:
Low frequency (LF) 125-134 kHz
High frequency (HF) 13.56 MHz
Ultra-high frequency (UHF) from 856 MHz to 960 MHz
That is, in simple terms, it is a tag, the data from which can be obtained via a radio channel, if it is active, then it itself sends signals about itself into the air, and the receiver receives them and identifies it, or in the case of a passive tag, it responds to the radio signal received from the receiver for its identification.
NFC - near field communication, designed as a secure form of data exchange, and an NFC device can be either an NFC reader or an NFC tag.
This unique feature allows NFC devices to communicate with each other at a short distance of up to a few centimeters.
It operates at a frequency of 13.56 MHz.
In simple terms, it is a transceiver for data exchange.
RFID contains and transmits information about itself.
NFC is a transceiver for transmitting any information, be it banking transactions or transferring files, pictures and videos.
RFID is subject to replay attacks, that is, it can be copied, recorded and used, for example, to access premises with contactless readers on the doors.
NFC is not subject to replay attacks, that is, it cannot be copied, recorded and used.
Now a little about the structure of a bank card with NFC.
An antenna for data reception and transmission is installed inside the card, a controller microchip, which is actually responsible for data reception and transmission, which is connected to the EMV microchip. This transceiver is in sleep mode until it receives a command from the POS terminal, a contactless reader on an ATM or from a phone.
Having received a request, the NFC chip forwards it to the EMV chip, and the response received from EMV is sent to the terminal via radio. The essence of contactless payment is that the EMV chip does not physically contact the terminal, but sends data via radio.
Thus, attempts to copy NFC are reduced to intercepting this data, decrypting and receiving information from EMV.
And here is their website: https://instruct1.cit.cornell.edu/courses/ee476/FinalProjects/s2006/cjr37/Website/index.htm
