Mystery of the most powerful cosmic explosion solved

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How space fireworks can tell about the beginning of life.

Scientists have discovered the key ingredients for life in one of the most powerful and mysterious cosmic explosions known to mankind. This discovery provides a unique insight into the cosmic processes that can create substances necessary for many forms of life on Earth, such as iodine and thorium.

On March 7 of this year, the NASA space Telescope recorded a huge explosion in deep space, known as a gamma-ray burst( GRB), whose bright glow lasted about 200 seconds. This explosion, designated GRB 230307A, was more than a million times brighter than all the stars in the Milky Way combined. Scientists have concluded that the cause of this phenomenon is the collision of two super-dense objects known as neutron stars, located about eight million light-years from Earth.

A team of scientists led by Radboud University astrophysicist Andrew Levan found that this long-lived explosion produced a host of heavy elements, including materials necessary for life on Earth. Studies conducted with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) have shown that GRB 230307A belongs to a class of long-lived gamma-ray bursts associated with mergers of compact objects.

Gamma-ray bursts are the most energetic explosions in space. Most of the heavy elements necessary for life, such as carbon, phosphorus, or oxygen, are created inside stars. Dying stars eject these elements into space, where they combine to form new planetary systems. JWST observations of the GRB 230307A gamma-ray burst have shown that kilons can produce heavy chemical elements such as tellurium, as well as iodine and thorium, which are critical for many life forms on Earth.

This discovery provides an exciting opportunity to learn more about the potential origins of life on our planet and possibly in other parts of the universe.
 
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