Middle (MitM) Phishing Ethical Hacking

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Breaking MFA: How Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Phishing Ethical Hacking Cybersecurity

Bypasses Authentication
Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) significantly reduces account takeover risk —
however, it does not fully prevent session-based attacks.
Modern phishing campaigns leverage MitM (reverse-proxy) techniques to bypass MFA without defeating the MFA mechanism itself.

High-Level Attack Flow

The victim accesses a phishing URL that perfectly mirrors the real login page

Credentials are entered and proxied in real time to the legitimate service

The real service issues an MFA challenge
The victim approves MFA, believing the request is legitimate

The authenticated session cookie is issued

The attacker captures the session and reuses it to gain access

Important Note:
The attacker does not break MFA —
they reuse a trusted, already-authenticated session.

Why Traditional MFA Can Fail
MFA validates user identity, not session integrity
Session cookies can be replayed if not bound to device or hardware
Users often approve MFA prompts without validating context


🛡 Defensive Controls That Actually Work
Phishing-resistant MFA (FIDO2 / Security Keys)
Session binding to device, IP, or hardware token
Conditional access policies (location, device trust)
Short-lived session tokens
Real-time anomaly detection on session behavior
Continuous user security awareness training

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