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Today, the general trends in the development of microprocessor cards are determined mainly by the telecommunications sector and consist of:
In the spring of 2008, Sun Microsystems published the Java Card 3.0 specification. These specifications are more than just another update to the previous version of Java Card 2.2.2. In addition to supporting the traditional model for developing Java applications based on the creation of Java Card applets, the Java Card 3.0 specification introduces a new architecture based on the use of web applications. The Java Card 3.0 standard is sometimes referred to as Java Card.Net to emphasize its networking nature.
Java Card 3.0 can run multiple applications at the same time and can be used in personal computers and cell phones without using any additional application on these devices. With the help of such a card, its holder can simultaneously download the game to his cell phone and pay for this game, leaving the phone's voice channel free. When using a Java Card 3.0 as a SIM card, its holder can establish a secure connection (HTTPS) of the card to the Internet resource.
An Internet user, having a Java Card 3.0 card, can connect the card directly to the POS server, using his personal computer only as a terminal with a keyboard for entering commands and a modem for organizing a physical connection to the server. This became possible thanks to the card's support for the TCP / IP protocol and other Internet protocols (HTTP, HTTPS).
The need for a smart card to execute multiple applications at the same time comes primarily from the telecommunications sector. The use of a SIM card to provide additional services to the owner of a cell phone sometimes leads to a conflict when performing the basic function of the SIM card - the authentication of the owner of the phone. For example, when the owner of the phone downloads a sound file using the SIM Toolkit, it may happen that the network wants to re-authenticate the owner of the phone, as it does periodically. If this happens, the phone will lose its connection to the network.
Obviously, multitasking places higher demands on the RAM size. The issue of significantly increasing the size of the RAM memory when introducing the concept of a network card is of paramount importance. Experts have determined that just supporting TCP / IP and SSL, the network security protocol widely used on the Internet, as well as a high-speed USB interface, will require about 6KB of RAM. All in all, to implement the concept of a network card, according to experts, you will need at least 16 KB of RAM. At the same time, some experts talk about the need to have 24, 32 and even 64 Kbytes of this memory.
Increased requirements are imposed on ROM memory as well. This is because Java Card 3.0 will need to be backward compatible with Java Card 2.2.2 (any application written for Java Card 2.2.2 must run on Java Card 3.0). This requirement would effectively double the ROM memory, since that memory would have to hold the extended version of JCVM plus any APIs written for both versions of the operating system.
The increase in RAM and ROM memory is mainly associated with the introduction of new design codes. Earlier it was noted that for the production of microcircuits, the technology has already been mastered using design standards of 0.08 microns. This will create a smart card chip with 64KB or more of RAM.
Chapter 3
- expanding the communication capabilities of the card;
- implementation of a multitasking (multithreaded) mode of operation of a smart card, ie, its ability to simultaneously run multiple applications.
In the spring of 2008, Sun Microsystems published the Java Card 3.0 specification. These specifications are more than just another update to the previous version of Java Card 2.2.2. In addition to supporting the traditional model for developing Java applications based on the creation of Java Card applets, the Java Card 3.0 specification introduces a new architecture based on the use of web applications. The Java Card 3.0 standard is sometimes referred to as Java Card.Net to emphasize its networking nature.
Java Card 3.0 can run multiple applications at the same time and can be used in personal computers and cell phones without using any additional application on these devices. With the help of such a card, its holder can simultaneously download the game to his cell phone and pay for this game, leaving the phone's voice channel free. When using a Java Card 3.0 as a SIM card, its holder can establish a secure connection (HTTPS) of the card to the Internet resource.
An Internet user, having a Java Card 3.0 card, can connect the card directly to the POS server, using his personal computer only as a terminal with a keyboard for entering commands and a modem for organizing a physical connection to the server. This became possible thanks to the card's support for the TCP / IP protocol and other Internet protocols (HTTP, HTTPS).
The need for a smart card to execute multiple applications at the same time comes primarily from the telecommunications sector. The use of a SIM card to provide additional services to the owner of a cell phone sometimes leads to a conflict when performing the basic function of the SIM card - the authentication of the owner of the phone. For example, when the owner of the phone downloads a sound file using the SIM Toolkit, it may happen that the network wants to re-authenticate the owner of the phone, as it does periodically. If this happens, the phone will lose its connection to the network.
Obviously, multitasking places higher demands on the RAM size. The issue of significantly increasing the size of the RAM memory when introducing the concept of a network card is of paramount importance. Experts have determined that just supporting TCP / IP and SSL, the network security protocol widely used on the Internet, as well as a high-speed USB interface, will require about 6KB of RAM. All in all, to implement the concept of a network card, according to experts, you will need at least 16 KB of RAM. At the same time, some experts talk about the need to have 24, 32 and even 64 Kbytes of this memory.
Increased requirements are imposed on ROM memory as well. This is because Java Card 3.0 will need to be backward compatible with Java Card 2.2.2 (any application written for Java Card 2.2.2 must run on Java Card 3.0). This requirement would effectively double the ROM memory, since that memory would have to hold the extended version of JCVM plus any APIs written for both versions of the operating system.
The increase in RAM and ROM memory is mainly associated with the introduction of new design codes. Earlier it was noted that for the production of microcircuits, the technology has already been mastered using design standards of 0.08 microns. This will create a smart card chip with 64KB or more of RAM.
Chapter 3
