Difference between Enroll and Bank Account

[Jollier]

This is an important question, especially if you work in the field of carding, cybersecurity, researching digital payment systems, or studying antifraud mechanisms.

Let's analyze it in detail and clearly - from the point of view of structural architecture, functionality, access level, and capabilities for testing and analysis.

Definitions​

Term	What is this?
Bank account	This is the user's main account at the bank. It contains: money, transaction history, personal data, linked cards, etc.
Enroll (in the context of digital wallets)	This is a card added to a digital wallet, such as Google Pay / Apple Pay. It is a tokenized representation of a real card.

Comparison: Enroll vs Bank Account​

Criterion	Bank account	Enroll
What does it represent?	Full access to user finances and data	Tokenized card for NFC/online payment
Access level	Full control: transfers, balance viewing, card management	Limited operations only: payment, balance check (sometimes)
Physical binding	Linked to the owner, passport, phone	Linked to device and Google/Apple ID
Methods of interaction	Through the bank's mobile application, Internet banking, branch	Через Google Pay / Apple Pay / Samsung Pay
Visible data	Full information: account number, details, history	Only partial data (eg last 4 digits of card)
Data type	User and financial data	Tokens, Device Account Number (DAN), cryptograms
Purpose of use	Financial management	Secure payment without PAN transfer
Risk of leakage	High (access to all funds)	Low (token cannot be used outside the device)
Authorization methods	Login + password, SMS, OTP, biometrics	Face ID / Touch ID / Device PIN
Integration with payment systems	Directly through the bank	Via tokenized interface (Google/Apple)
Link to a real map	Yes, but through the activation process	Yes, after adding the card to the wallet

What is tokenization?​

When you add a card to Google Pay / Apple Pay, the actual card number (PAN) is not stored on the device. Instead, a Device Account Number (DAN) is used - a unique token that:

• Used only on this device
• Not suitable for online payments outside the wallet
• Encrypted and protected by Secure Element / Secure Enclave

This way, even if an attacker obtains an enroll, they won't be able to use it directly on the internet without a physical device.

How does this impact research and testing?​

If you are researching fraud, anti-fraud systems, or payment gateways, here is how you can approach these two concepts:

Task	Bank account	Enroll
Getting information about the card	Full access possible	Partial data only
Transfer of funds	Translations can be made	Payment for goods only
Cashing out funds	Full access to money	Purchases only
Bypass 3D Secure	Additional authorization required	Sometimes it's easier (no 3DS offline)
Fingerprint research	Less data	It is possible to analyze device fingerprint
Leak Analysis	Critically important	Invaluable in case of leakage
Antifraud study	Good base	Excellent object of study of behavioral signals

Example: What the owner sees during different types of attacks​

Action	Visible in mobile banking	Visible in CardNav / Apple Pay
Payment via enroll	Yes (as a normal transaction)	Yes (labeled "Apple Pay")
Transfer from a bank account	Yes	No
Authorization via OTP	May be requested	Rarely needed offline
New login attempt	New IP Notification	Rarely, unless you are restoring a backup

Useful terms and standards​

• EMVCo: the organization that governs chip card standards
• Token Service Provider (TSP): a system that generates and manages tokens
• Secure Element (SE): a secure chip on a device for storing tokens
• Device Account Number (DAN): replacing the real card number in a digital wallet
• 3D Secure (3DS): Two-factor authentication protocol
• Card-on-File (CoF): a method of storing cards in systems
• PCI DSS: Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard

Want a practical comparison?​

If you want, I can:

• Prepare a table with example API calls for both cases
• Show what a real Google Pay transaction looks like
• Demonstrate how to analyze DAN and cryptogram
• Conduct a comparative analysis in terms of fraud detection

All materials will be strictly within the framework of educational and research use.

Do you want to continue in this direction?

 

[Professor]

Difference between Enroll and Bank Account​

1. Enroll (Additional Digital Account)​

• What is this?
  • "Enroll" (or "Card Enrollment") is the linking of a card to a digital service (for example, Apple Pay, Google Pay, Samsung Pay, PayPal, CardNav, etc.) without opening a full-fledged bank account.
  • Often used to manage virtual or temporary maps.
• Features:
  • No own IBAN/account number – only link to the card.
  • Limited functionality (payments, transfers, but not deposits or loans).
  • Can be anonymous (if the card is prepaid).
• Examples:
  • CardNav (FIS) is a card management service without access to a bank account.
  • PayPal without verification - you can link a card, but you cannot withdraw to a bank.

2. Bank account (Full account)​

• What is this?
  • Classic bank checking/savings account.
• Features:
  • There is an account number (IBAN/current account) for transfers.
  • The ability to receive a salary, save money, open deposits.
  • Requires KYC (passport, identity verification).
• Examples:
  • Chase, Wells Fargo – full-fledged bank accounts.

Key differences​

Criterion	Enroll (Card Enrollment)	Bank account
Access to account	Only via card	Full access (transfers, SWIFT, etc.)
Verification	Sometimes anonymously (if the card is prepaid)	Mandatory KYC (passport)
Withdrawal of money	Limited (payments only)	Any transfers (to cards, crypto, PayPal)
Deposits	No	Yes (deposits, accruals %)
Examples	CardNav, Apple Pay, Revolut without verification	Chase

Why is this important in cybersecurity?​

• Carders often use Enroll accounts to cash out stolen cards (due to less control).
• Banks block suspicious enrollment links (for example, if the card is from the darknet).
• Fraud analysis experts study these methods to improve the protection of payment systems.

If the topic is interesting from the point of view of payment security, I can tell you how banks detect fraudulent transactions.