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The general meaning of all technical solutions is to use specific and expensive materials and technologies for production. Most of these materials and technologies are not available to the general consumer, and everything is built on this. And to manufacture and synthesize everything from scratch, on your own, requires serious qualifications and high technologies. If a group of people has both (and this at the same time means that they are already fine with money), then it is more interesting and safer for these people to engage in some high-tech, but legal business. Pharmaceuticals, for example 
Among the high-tech businesses, there are very profitable ones. In short, as I think, the highly intelligent and handy rarely become criminals - there is a kind of contradiction between the criminal mindset and the desire for knowledge and skill. Again, any state very carefully monitors its economic security, and therefore in any country counterfeiting is considered a serious crime, with the corresponding severity of punishments. A person burdened with developed technical intelligence is smart enough to realize the dangers of such activities. Again, for a normal technology, several specialists need to be involved ... However, there are also criminal nuggets, of course.
In addition to simple and well-known protection measures, such as watermarks and UV tags, there are a number of technologies that are, perhaps, even much cooler than the listed ones. For example, one of the most difficult to reproduce technologies is the so-called. metamer printing.
The point is that the image is applied with two groups of paints. One group of paints is "normal", the other is special, the paints of this group reflect in both ordinary and infrared light. The complexity of the technology is, firstly, to ideally match two different groups of inks by color, and secondly, to ideally combine these drawings when printing. Technologies of special printing are generally very demanding in combining different colors and resolutions, and here you also need to print in different groups of colors. If you manage to print, you just see a color drawing, but if you look at it in reflected infrared color (940 nm and 820 nm), you will see only a part of the drawing (the one printed by the metameric group of paints). By the way, for both wavelengths there will be a slightly different pattern - this is another method of protection ("special element M").
Which part of the picture should be visible is included in the instructions for any banknote detector and on the Central Bank's website (section "IR radiation"). Without special metameric paints, you will only see an almost colorless piece of cotton paper in infrared light - ordinary paints do not reflect in the infrared range.
As you can see from the description, it is not so easy to make such a seal. Plus, all other elements must be implemented! The same ultraviolet fibers, embossed printing, and so on ... The technique that can print everything so cool is completely absent in the serial access. And making and customizing yourself is a serious and long-term investment project. Therefore, among the forgeries, according to my information, bills with a metameric seal are almost completely absent. Fortunately for counterfeiters, detectors for this type of protection are quite expensive and are not available everywhere for this reason. A conventional detector with UV radiation in the cheapest version can actually be found in the region of a thousand rubles, but an IR-tag detector is no less than five. This is due to the fact that IR mark detectors are either visual or very intelligent. Both options are not cheap.
The visual detector has on board a conventional CMOS camera (like in a phone), which, fortunately, are all as one sensitive to the desired range of the IR spectrum. The sensor is relatively inexpensive, but then you need a built-in display, and this already significantly adds to the price of the detector. Those. as a result, we get a device with a camera, a display, and then we add IR illumination to a heap, ordinary lamps for transmission ... Often they add an ultraviolet lamp and a magnetic tag sensor here - and now we get a normal sensor price. Large traders do not skimp on such detectors, and small ones are reluctant to spend money. Therefore, complex and expensive metameric printing can not be especially counterfeited if you correctly plan the sale of counterfeits.
An "intelligent" bill detector is a specific scanner with mechanics for pulling a bill. You insert a bill into it, it sucks it into itself, scanning it in the direction of travel, and then, depending on the result and design, spits it out back or pushes it out of another exit. Inside there is a scanner and various light sources (visible, IR and UV range). The bill is scanned in different sources, the result is analyzed by the built-in computer. Throw in some pretty precise mechanics, which are expensive - again, you just can't get it under a hundred dollars. Again, such detectors are required to operate quickly, with all that it implies.
A visual detector has a cool advantage over an intelligent one. You can immediately check the bundle of bills. You spread them out by hand - and under the camera. If there is a fake in the pack, you will immediately notice. The chances that the whole pack consists of the same fakes - count, zero. Therefore, it is even more convenient - no need to memorize the correct drawings. It's just that one or two are different - voila, here are the fakes.
Regarding the sensitivity of camera sensors to the IR range. By coincidence, digital camera sensors are sensitive to IR light. This is often undesirable. Therefore, sometimes the lenses of some devices filter the infrared range. But try to shine the remote control from the TV into the camera of your smartphone - and you will see a blinking spot of light.
The wiki says that the remotes shine in the 750 ... 1400 nm range. In theory, they should capture the spectrum of IR tags. In theory, it can be possible to see IR marks through the phone if you use infrared illumination for video surveillance (the remote control from the TV is most likely not enough - a weak one hurts). IR illumination for video surveillance of exactly the very video ranges that you need.
Among the high-tech businesses, there are very profitable ones. In short, as I think, the highly intelligent and handy rarely become criminals - there is a kind of contradiction between the criminal mindset and the desire for knowledge and skill. Again, any state very carefully monitors its economic security, and therefore in any country counterfeiting is considered a serious crime, with the corresponding severity of punishments. A person burdened with developed technical intelligence is smart enough to realize the dangers of such activities. Again, for a normal technology, several specialists need to be involved ... However, there are also criminal nuggets, of course.
In addition to simple and well-known protection measures, such as watermarks and UV tags, there are a number of technologies that are, perhaps, even much cooler than the listed ones. For example, one of the most difficult to reproduce technologies is the so-called. metamer printing.
The point is that the image is applied with two groups of paints. One group of paints is "normal", the other is special, the paints of this group reflect in both ordinary and infrared light. The complexity of the technology is, firstly, to ideally match two different groups of inks by color, and secondly, to ideally combine these drawings when printing. Technologies of special printing are generally very demanding in combining different colors and resolutions, and here you also need to print in different groups of colors. If you manage to print, you just see a color drawing, but if you look at it in reflected infrared color (940 nm and 820 nm), you will see only a part of the drawing (the one printed by the metameric group of paints). By the way, for both wavelengths there will be a slightly different pattern - this is another method of protection ("special element M").
Which part of the picture should be visible is included in the instructions for any banknote detector and on the Central Bank's website (section "IR radiation"). Without special metameric paints, you will only see an almost colorless piece of cotton paper in infrared light - ordinary paints do not reflect in the infrared range.
As you can see from the description, it is not so easy to make such a seal. Plus, all other elements must be implemented! The same ultraviolet fibers, embossed printing, and so on ... The technique that can print everything so cool is completely absent in the serial access. And making and customizing yourself is a serious and long-term investment project. Therefore, among the forgeries, according to my information, bills with a metameric seal are almost completely absent. Fortunately for counterfeiters, detectors for this type of protection are quite expensive and are not available everywhere for this reason. A conventional detector with UV radiation in the cheapest version can actually be found in the region of a thousand rubles, but an IR-tag detector is no less than five. This is due to the fact that IR mark detectors are either visual or very intelligent. Both options are not cheap.
Visual detector
The visual detector has on board a conventional CMOS camera (like in a phone), which, fortunately, are all as one sensitive to the desired range of the IR spectrum. The sensor is relatively inexpensive, but then you need a built-in display, and this already significantly adds to the price of the detector. Those. as a result, we get a device with a camera, a display, and then we add IR illumination to a heap, ordinary lamps for transmission ... Often they add an ultraviolet lamp and a magnetic tag sensor here - and now we get a normal sensor price. Large traders do not skimp on such detectors, and small ones are reluctant to spend money. Therefore, complex and expensive metameric printing can not be especially counterfeited if you correctly plan the sale of counterfeits.
Intelligent detector
An "intelligent" bill detector is a specific scanner with mechanics for pulling a bill. You insert a bill into it, it sucks it into itself, scanning it in the direction of travel, and then, depending on the result and design, spits it out back or pushes it out of another exit. Inside there is a scanner and various light sources (visible, IR and UV range). The bill is scanned in different sources, the result is analyzed by the built-in computer. Throw in some pretty precise mechanics, which are expensive - again, you just can't get it under a hundred dollars. Again, such detectors are required to operate quickly, with all that it implies.
A visual detector has a cool advantage over an intelligent one. You can immediately check the bundle of bills. You spread them out by hand - and under the camera. If there is a fake in the pack, you will immediately notice. The chances that the whole pack consists of the same fakes - count, zero. Therefore, it is even more convenient - no need to memorize the correct drawings. It's just that one or two are different - voila, here are the fakes.
Regarding the sensitivity of camera sensors to the IR range. By coincidence, digital camera sensors are sensitive to IR light. This is often undesirable. Therefore, sometimes the lenses of some devices filter the infrared range. But try to shine the remote control from the TV into the camera of your smartphone - and you will see a blinking spot of light.
The wiki says that the remotes shine in the 750 ... 1400 nm range. In theory, they should capture the spectrum of IR tags. In theory, it can be possible to see IR marks through the phone if you use infrared illumination for video surveillance (the remote control from the TV is most likely not enough - a weak one hurts). IR illumination for video surveillance of exactly the very video ranges that you need.
