Teacher
Professional
- Messages
- 2,670
- Reaction score
- 815
- Points
- 113
The history of banking begins in the 7th century BC. It is generally accepted that even then there were usurers in Babylon. And even the first bank notes were hudu, which circulated on a par with gold.
It is known that in Ancient Greece there were money changers - meals. They exchanged coins and accepted money for safekeeping. Also, the first non-cash payments were made there by charging and debiting funds on customer accounts. That is, the first settlement and cash services were carried out. In addition, the ancient Greek temples provided loans from the savings that were stored in them.
Already in the II century BC, in a number of megacities, such as Thebes, Hermontis, Memphis and Siena, there were so-called royal banks, where funds from tax collection and revenues from state enterprises were accumulated. And money was spent on public needs, for example, the payment of salaries to soldiers.
In ancient Rome, the mensarii and the argentarii were involved in banking. The first specialized in the exchange of coins. The second - on attracting funds and issuing loans, as well as money transfers between cities.
In the Middle Ages, the demand for bankers' services increased significantly: there were many different coins in circulation that needed to be changed for trade. Then the word "bank" arose - from the name of the shop where the money changers were sitting. Banco in translation from Italian means "bench", "shop". And already at that time, bankers were engaged not only in exchange, but also in maintaining customer accounts, as well as non-cash payments.
It is known that the Catholic Church opposed charging interest, so banking in the Middle Ages became the prerogative of mainly Jews. Pope Alexander III in 1179 at the Third Lateran Council declared that those who take interest should be deprived of the sacrament and Christian burial. Bankers were persecuted in France - under Louis Saint and Philip the Fair, and in England - under Henry III. Interestingly, sometimes the exiled bankers bought the right to return to the country, and this became a source of income for the governments. In Italy in the 1460s, the so-called montes pietatis arose - specialized institutions that collected donations and issued small loans to those in need at interest, which should have been enough only to cover their own expenses.
One of the first banks is considered to be the partnership created in the Republic of Genoa, to which the function of collecting certain taxes was transferred in order to finance the wars in Algeria and Tunisia in 1147. It existed until 1816 and, among other services, accepted deposits from individuals. And the first state bank was the Banco della Piaza de Rialto, created by the decision of the Senate of the Venetian Republic in 1584.
The Bank of Amsterdam was opened in 1609. He is known for having introduced such a concept as "bank florin" - a monetary unit equated to a certain weight of pure silver, into which all accepted coins were transferred. Englishman William Peterson, studying the activities of the Amsterdam Bank, made a discovery: the bank does not need to have real one hundred percent reserves of precious metal to cover its own liabilities. According to Peterson's project, in 1694, the first in the modern sense of the issue bank, responsible for issuing paper money, was created - the Bank of England. His capital was placed in government securities, which were the security for the issued banknotes.
The history of banking in Russia dates back to the 17th century. In Pskov in 1665, the first semblance of a credit organization for the merchants appeared. Under Empress Anna Ioanovna, loans for the first time began to be issued from the mint at a certain percentage. And the first Russian credit institutions in the modern sense appeared in 1754 at the direction of Elizaveta Petrovna - Noble Loan Banks in St. Petersburg and Moscow and the Merchant Bank in St. Petersburg.
It is known that in Ancient Greece there were money changers - meals. They exchanged coins and accepted money for safekeeping. Also, the first non-cash payments were made there by charging and debiting funds on customer accounts. That is, the first settlement and cash services were carried out. In addition, the ancient Greek temples provided loans from the savings that were stored in them.
Already in the II century BC, in a number of megacities, such as Thebes, Hermontis, Memphis and Siena, there were so-called royal banks, where funds from tax collection and revenues from state enterprises were accumulated. And money was spent on public needs, for example, the payment of salaries to soldiers.
In ancient Rome, the mensarii and the argentarii were involved in banking. The first specialized in the exchange of coins. The second - on attracting funds and issuing loans, as well as money transfers between cities.
In the Middle Ages, the demand for bankers' services increased significantly: there were many different coins in circulation that needed to be changed for trade. Then the word "bank" arose - from the name of the shop where the money changers were sitting. Banco in translation from Italian means "bench", "shop". And already at that time, bankers were engaged not only in exchange, but also in maintaining customer accounts, as well as non-cash payments.
It is known that the Catholic Church opposed charging interest, so banking in the Middle Ages became the prerogative of mainly Jews. Pope Alexander III in 1179 at the Third Lateran Council declared that those who take interest should be deprived of the sacrament and Christian burial. Bankers were persecuted in France - under Louis Saint and Philip the Fair, and in England - under Henry III. Interestingly, sometimes the exiled bankers bought the right to return to the country, and this became a source of income for the governments. In Italy in the 1460s, the so-called montes pietatis arose - specialized institutions that collected donations and issued small loans to those in need at interest, which should have been enough only to cover their own expenses.
One of the first banks is considered to be the partnership created in the Republic of Genoa, to which the function of collecting certain taxes was transferred in order to finance the wars in Algeria and Tunisia in 1147. It existed until 1816 and, among other services, accepted deposits from individuals. And the first state bank was the Banco della Piaza de Rialto, created by the decision of the Senate of the Venetian Republic in 1584.
The Bank of Amsterdam was opened in 1609. He is known for having introduced such a concept as "bank florin" - a monetary unit equated to a certain weight of pure silver, into which all accepted coins were transferred. Englishman William Peterson, studying the activities of the Amsterdam Bank, made a discovery: the bank does not need to have real one hundred percent reserves of precious metal to cover its own liabilities. According to Peterson's project, in 1694, the first in the modern sense of the issue bank, responsible for issuing paper money, was created - the Bank of England. His capital was placed in government securities, which were the security for the issued banknotes.
The history of banking in Russia dates back to the 17th century. In Pskov in 1665, the first semblance of a credit organization for the merchants appeared. Under Empress Anna Ioanovna, loans for the first time began to be issued from the mint at a certain percentage. And the first Russian credit institutions in the modern sense appeared in 1754 at the direction of Elizaveta Petrovna - Noble Loan Banks in St. Petersburg and Moscow and the Merchant Bank in St. Petersburg.
