gdp

  1. Professor

    Carding as an Informal Economy: Contribution to GDP of the Shadow Sector (Macroeconomic Assessment of Scale and Impact)

    Introduction: Shadow Digital Mining Carding is traditionally viewed as a criminal offense, but from a macroeconomic perspective, it is a specific sector of the informal (shadow) economy. It produces goods (stolen data, money, physical goods) and services (dropping, cashing out, guarantees), has...
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