economy

Introduction: Shadow Digital Mining Carding is traditionally viewed as a criminal offense, but from a macroeconomic perspective, it is a specific sector of the informal (shadow) economy. It produces goods (stolen data, money, physical goods) and services (dropping, cashing out, guarantees), has...

The Darknet Economy: How Financial Flows, Pricing, and "Wages" Work in Cybercriminal Groups The darknet economy and cybercriminal groups aren't a chaotic bazaar, but a rigidly structured, highly specialized industry with clear financial flows, dynamic pricing, and a complex incentive system. It...

Carding, the fraudulent use of stolen credit card information, has a significant and multifaceted impact on the economy. While it is an illegal activity, its effects ripple through various sectors, influencing consumer behavior, business operations, and even macroeconomic policies. Below is an...

Of most interest are the publicly published internal rules of the Visa and Mastercard payment systems for the first time. Despite the fact that formally the rules are the same in all countries, in reality they differ in the West and in Russia in small but fundamental details. A little theory. In...